“Draft:ISO 11064”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Draft:ISO 11064

释义

Further reading {{AFC submission|t||ts=20181107121712|u=62.232.255.246|ns=118|demo=}}Background

ISO 11064 is a multi-part standard from the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) covering the ergonomic design of control centres. The standard has been published in 7 parts each of which deals with a different aspects of the ergonomics of control room planning and design.

The principles, recommendations and requirements given in this series of standards help prevent users of the standard from:

- Criticism over inadequate user consultation- Mismatching functional design with purpose- Abortive design and unnecessary iterations- Lack of multi-disciplinary team co-ordination- Miss-timing critical inputs from stakeholders

The terms 'human factors' and 'ergonomics' are used interchangeably in this standard and are considered as synonyms.

This series of standards specifies ergonomic principles, recommendations and requirements to be applied in the design of control centres, as well as in the expansion, refurbishment and technological upgrades of control centres. It covers all types of control centres typically employed in the process industries, transportation and people deployment services.

Introduction

The design of control centres is covered in seven separate standards. General requirements for the planning, design and evaluation of control centres are covered in Parts 1 and 7 supported by specific requirements on working environments, human system interfaces and workstation design. The full list of control centre standards is as follows:

Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres

Part 2: Principles for the arrangement of control suites

Part 3: Control room layout

Part 4: Layout and dimensions of workstations

Part 5: Human-system interfaces

Part 6: Environmental requirements for control centres

Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres

In the following sections a summary is presented of each Part and those stakeholders who might have a particular interest in the requirements presented.

Resume of the PartsPart 1: Principle for the design of control centres

This part of ISO 11064 includes requirements and recommendations concerning the control room design process. It can be applied to both the elements of a control room project, such as workstations and overview displays, as well as to the overall planning and design of entire projects. Other parts of ISO 11064 deal with more detailed requirements associated with specific elements of a control centre. A core consideration is ensuring that the design process has a user-centered focus. This part will be of particular interest to those planning new control rooms or managing projects which include a control room. The standard presents a set of nine high level principles which have been distilled from the experience of numerous control room projects and will assist control room design teams in managing a user-centered process.

Part 2: Principles of control suite arrangement

This part of ISO 11064 covers ergonomic design principles for control centres and, more specifically, the various arrangements of rooms and spaces in a control suite. The principles are based on an analysis of functions and tasks that have to be undertaken by the control room and its functionally-related rooms. They include identifying functional areas, estimating the space provisions for each of these areas, determining operational links between functional areas and developing preliminary control suite layouts which support these required links. This Part will be of particular interest to those members of the design team concerned with the building within which the control room is housed. Amongst other things, this part of ISO 11064 addresses such issues as cabling, proximity of spaces, communication patterns and any constraints imposed by levels of flexibility in job and work organisation. Requirements are also presented where the physical location of a control room in a building is critical, for example reception areas and some security rooms.

Part 3: Control room layout

This part of ISO 11064 lists ergonomic principles for the layout of control rooms. It includes requirements, recommendations and guidelines on control room layouts, workstation arrangements, the use of off-workstation visual displays and the needs of maintenance engineers. This Part will be of particular interest to architects and others concerned with the building as well as human factors engineers. The standard offers the designer a process for generating control room layouts starting with the identification of requirements and ending with ergonomic layouts which accommodate these operational needs.

Part 4: Workstation layout and dimensions

This part of ISO 11064 specifies ergonomic principles, recommendations and requirements for the design of workstations found in control centres. The emphasis of this part is on layout and dimensions of control room workstations. This standard covers primarily seated, visual-display-based workstations although sit/stand workstations are also addressed. These workstations are to be found in applications such as transportation control, the process industry, utilities and security installations. This Part will be of particular interest to those concerned with furniture design and human factor engineers.

Part 5: Displays and controls

Part 5 of ISO 11064 presents principles, requirements and recommendations, for displays, controls, and their interaction, for of control centre hardware and software. The purpose of this Part is to maximise the safe, reliable, efficient and comfortable use of displays and controls in control centre applications. To this end, rules and recommendations based upon ergonomic findings are established for selecting the appropriate display and control types, structuring and presenting information on screens and shared off-workstation displays, and establishing control and dialogue procedures. The approach adopted in this standard is to identify general principles of good practice that will stand the test of time but may also need to be supported by information accessed from human factors publications and other ergonomics standards.

Part 6: Environmental requirements for control rooms

This Part of the control room series gives environmental requirements for the ergonomic design, upgrading or refurbishment of control rooms and other functional areas within the control suite. The following aspects are covered:

- The thermal environment (for temperate regions)- air quality- the lighting environment- acoustic environments- vibration- aesthetics and interior design

The standard also presents interior design and aesthetic recommendations. This standard does not cover the influence of electromagnetic fields; guidance on electromagnetic fields and visual display image quality is given in ISO 9241-6.

Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres

ISO 11064-7 provides a framework for the evaluation of control centres and presents ergonomic principles which can be used for compliance assessment. It includes requirements, recommendations and guidelines on evaluation of each of the different elements of the control centre, i.e., control suite, control room, workstations, displays and controls, and the working environment. The standard covers both validation and verification (V&V) requirements.