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词条 Zhang (surname)
释义

  1. Romanization

  2. Distribution

  3. History

     Characters  Families 

  4. List of persons with the surname

     {{lang|zh|張}} / {{lang|zh|张}}  {{lang|zh|章}}  {{lang|zh|仉}} 

  5. See also

  6. References

{{Infobox surname
| name = Cheung
| image = 張姓 - 楷体.svg
| image_size =
| caption = Cheung surname in regular script
| pronunciation = IPA: {{IPA|/tʂɑŋ˥/}} (Mandarin IPA)
Zoeng1(Jyutping)
Zhāng (Pinyin)
Tiuⁿ (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
| language = Chinese, Cantonese, Vietnamese, Korean
| languageorigin = Old Chinese
| origin =
| derivation = State of Zhang
| meaning = drawing a bow,[1]
archer, bowyer, a measure word
| romanization = Chang, Zhang (Mandarin)
Cheung (Hong Kong)
Cheong (Macao, Malaysia)
Tsan, Tsaon (Shanghai)
Teo, Teoh (Hokkien, Teochew)
Chong, Cheong (Hakka)
Cheong (Gan)
Trương, Trang (Vietnamese)
Jang, Chang ({{linktext|장}}) (Korean)
| cognate =
| derivative =
| seealso =
| family =
}}

Cheung/Zhang ({{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-zhāng.ogg|zh|ang|1}}) is the pinyin/jyutping romanization of the very common Chinese surname written {{lang|zh|{{linktext|张}}}} in simplified characters and {{lang|zh|{{linktext|張}}}} in traditional characters. It is spoken in the first tone: Zhāng. It is a surname that exists in many languages and cultures, corresponding to the surname 'Archer' in English for example.[1] Chang is the Wade-Giles romanization; Cheung is commonly used in Hong Kong as romanization.

It is also the pinyin romanization of the less-common surnames {{linktext|章}} (Zhāng) and {{linktext|仉}} (Zhǎng).

{{lang|zh|張}} was listed 24th in the famous Song-era Hundred Family Surnames. Today, it is one of the most common surnames in the world at over 100 million people worldwide.[2] {{lang|zh|张}} was listed by the People's Republic of China's National Citizen ID Information System as the third-most-common surname in mainland China in April 2007, with 87.50 million bearers.[3][4] A commonly cited but erroneous factoid in the 1990 Guinness Book of Records listed it as the world's most common surname,[5] but no comprehensive information from China was available at the time and more recent editions have not repeated the claim.

Romanization

{{lang|zh|張}} ({{lang|zh|张}}) and {{lang|zh|章}} are also commonly romanized as Chang in Taiwan and among the Chinese diaspora using the older Wade-Giles system. Both are also romanized as Cheung in Hong Kong; Cheong in Macao and Malaysia; Teo and Teoh in Teochew; Chong and Cheong in Hakka; Tsan and Tsaon among Wu Chinese varieties like Shanghainese;{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} Cheong in Gan; and Tiong in East Malaysia and the Philippines; and Tjong, Sutiono or Thiono in Indonesia.{{lang|zh|張}} was the Chữ Nôm form of the Vietnamese surname Trương. The Hanja of the Korean surname romanized Jang and Chang ({{lang|ko|{{linktext|장}}}}). It remains the Kanji for the Japanese surname romanized Chō.

In Vietnamese, the surname written {{lang|zh|章}} in Chữ Nôm is clearly distinguished and written as Trang or Chương.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}

Distribution

As mentioned above, {{lang|zh|张}} is the third-most-common surname in mainland China, making up 6.83% of the population of the People's Republic of China.[6] On Taiwan, {{lang|zh|張}} is the fourth-most-common surname, making up 5.26% of the population of the Republic of China.[7] 章 was unlisted among the top 100 in either location.

Among the Chinese diaspora, the name remains common but takes on various romanizations. "Chong" is the 19th-most-common surname among Chinese Singaporeans;[8] "Chang" is the 6th-most-common surname among Chinese Americans; and "Zhang" was the 7th-most-common particularly Chinese surname (i.e., excluding ethnically diverse surnames such as "Lee") found in a 2010 survey of Ontario's Registered Persons Database of Canadian health card recipients.[9]

History

Characters

{{lang|zh|張}} combines the Chinese characters {{lang|zh|{{linktext|弓}}}} (gōng, "bow") and {{lang|zh|{{linktext|長}}}} (simp. {{lang|zh|{{linktext|长}}}}, cháng, "long" or "wide"). It originally meant "to open up" or "to spread" as an arching bow, but as a common noun in modern use it is a measure word for flat objects such as paper and cloth, like the English "sheet of".{{lang|zh|章}} combines the characters {{lang|zh|{{linktext|音}}}} (yin, "sound", "(musical) note") and {{lang|zh|{{linktext|十}}}} (shi, "ten"). It originally meant "brilliant", "to display", "a distinctive mark"[10] and was used as the name of a fief, but as a common noun in modern use it means an "article" in a newspaper or magazine or a "chapter" in a book or law.

Families

The traditional origin of the surname {{lang|zh|張}} (Old Chinese: *C. traŋ[11]) is rooted in Chinese legend. The fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, Qing Yangshi ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|青|陽|氏/青|阳|氏}}}}, Qīng Yángshì), had a son Hui ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|揮/挥}}}}, Huī) who was inspired by the Heavenly Bow constellation ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|天弓星}}}}, Tiān Gōng Xīng) to invent the bow and arrow. Hui was then promoted to "First Bow" ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|弓|正}}}}, Gōng Zhèng) and bestowed the surname {{lang|zh|張}}, which{{spaced ndash}}when broken into its constituent radicals{{spaced ndash}}means "widening bow" or "archer". Its Middle Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as Trjang.[11]

The surname {{lang|zh|章}} (Old Chinese: *taŋ[10]) originated from the legendary Yan Emperor, whose personal surname was Jiang ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|姜}}}}). On the establishment of the state of Qi, Jiang Ziya apportioned the land among his many descendants, including a one known as Zhang ({{lang|zh|鄣国}}). Some of the people of this state took {{lang|zh|章}} as their surname, particularly after it was annexed by Qi.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The Middle Chinese pronunciation of the name was Tsyang, the beginnings of what we now know to be the "Zhang" surname.[10]

List of persons with the surname

{{lang|zh|張}} / {{lang|zh|张}}

{{hatnote|Note: people generally romanized as "Chang" are listed in the "Chang" article; people generally romanized as "Cheung" are listed in the "Cheung" article; people generally romanized as "Teo" or "Teoh" are listed in the "Teoh" article; people generally romanized as "Jang" are listed in the "Jang" article; and people with the family name "Trương" are listed in the "Trương" article}}. Those whose original surnames at birth are Zhang are also included on this list.
Historical figures
  • Zhang Yi (died 309 BC), strategist in the Warring States period.
  • Zhang Han (died 205 BC), military general of the Qin dynasty
  • Zhang Tang (died 116 BC), official of the Western Han dynasty under Emperor Wu
  • Zhang Anshi, son of Zhang Tang, official of the Han dynasty
  • Zhang Liang (died 186 BC), adviser to Liu Bang (founding emperor of the Han dynasty).
  • Zhang Jue, leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion in the Eastern Han dynasty
  • Zhang Rang (died 189), leader of the eunuch faction during the reign of Emperor Ling in the Eastern Han dynasty
  • Zhang Fei (died 221), general of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period.
  • Zhang Hong (153–212), official serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the Eastern Han dynasty
  • Zhang Yi (died 230), general of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Empress Zhang (died 237), Empress of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang He (died 231), general of the Cao Wei state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang Liao (169–222), general of the Cao Wei state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang Zhao (156–238), official of the Eastern Wu state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang Chunhua (died 247), wife of the Cao Wei general Sima Yi in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang Ni (died 254), general of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang Yi (died 264), general of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang Bu (died 264), general of the Eastern Wu state in the Three Kingdoms period
  • Zhang Hua (232–300), Western Jin dynasty official and poet.
  • Zhang Liang, general and official of the Tang dynasty
  • Zhang Yue (663–730), Tang dynasty chancellor and poet
  • Zhang Jiuling (673–740), Tang dynasty chancellor and poet
  • Zhang Jun (1086–1154), general of the Song dynasty
  • Zhang Jiucheng (1092-1159), court official
  • Zhang Hongfan (1238–1280), Yuan dynasty general
  • Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), Ming dynasty statesman
  • ((Zhang Yingjia)) (2006-present), Eastern Dynasty general
Science and mathematics
  • Zhang Heng (AD 78–139), ancient Chinese scientist, mathematician and polymath who invented the first earthquake detector in the world during the Han dynasty
  • Yi Xing (683–727, birthname: Zhang Sui), Chinese mathematician, astronomor and mechanical engineer born during the Tang Dynasty, he was famed for his genius, known to have calculated the number of possible positions on a go board game.
  • Zhang Shoucheng (1963–2018), American theoretical physicist.
  • Zhang Shouwu (born 1962) Chinese-American mathematician.
  • Zhang Yitang (born 1955), Chinese-American mathematician.
  • Zhang Jie, Chinese physicist.
  • Liangchi Zhang (born 1958), Chinese Australian mechanical engineer and scientist.
  • John Zhang (born 1958), a medical scientist who made important contributions in fertility research, and particularly in in vitro fertilization. He made headlines in September 2016 for successfully producing the world's first three-parent baby using the spindle transfer technique.
  • Feng Zhang (born 1982), neuroscientist and biomedical engineer most well known for playing a central role in the development of optogenetics and CRISPR technologies.
  • Guoqi Zhang speciality in electronics
  • Huaguang Zhang speciality in electronics
  • Jianzhong Zhang speciality in electronics
  • Junshan Zhang speciality in electronics
  • Wen-Hao Zhang plant physiologist and nutritionist
  • Wenjun Zhang speciality in electronics
  • Zhijun Zhang speciality in electronics
Government and military
  • Zhang Aiping (1908–2003), Chinese communist military leader
  • Zhang Chunqiao (1917–2005), member of the Gang of Four
  • Zhang Dingfan (1891-1945), Chinese general
  • Zhang Guohua (1914–1972), PLA　general who participated in the Battle of Chamdo and the Sino-Indian War
  • Zhang Shicheng (1321–1367), Red Turban Rebellion leader.
  • Zhang Tiesheng Communist politician
  • Zhang Tingyu (1672–1755), Qing dynasty politician.
  • Zhang Wentian (1900–1976), former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.
  • Zhang Xueliang (1901–2001), Manchurian warlord and Zhang Zuolin's son.
  • Zhang Zhidong (1837–1909), Qing dynasty politician.
  • Zhang Zizhong (1891–1940), NRA general.
  • Zhang Zongchang (1881–1932), Shandong warlord.
  • Zhang Zuolin (1873–1928), Manchurian warlord.
Entertainment
  • Zhang Haochen (born 1990), Chinese pianist.
  • Baby Zhang (Zhang Hanyun) (born 1989), Chinese singer and runner-up of the singing contest Super Girl.
  • Zhang Hanyu (born 1964), Chinese actor.
  • Jason Zhang (born 1982), Chinese pop singer.
  • Jane Zhang (born 1984), Chinese pop singer.
  • Zhang Liyin (born 1989), Chinese singer active in China and South Korea.
  • Zhang Xianzi (born 1986), Chinese singer.
  • Zhang Yang (born 1967), Chinese film director, screenwriter, and occasional actor.
  • Zhang Yimou (born 1951), Chinese film director and former cinematographer.
  • Zhang Yixing (born 1991), Chinese singer, dancer and songwriter.
  • Zhang Yuan (born 1963), Chinese film director
  • Zhang Zhenhuan (born 1985), Chinese actor and MediaCorp artiste based in Singapore.
  • Zhang Yu (born 1988), Chinese voice actress.
  • Zhang Zining (born 1996), Chinese singer, member of girl groups MERA and Rocket Girls 101.
Writers
  • Zhang Chao (born 1600, year of death unknown), Qing dynasty literature and fiction writer.
  • Zhang Chengzhi (born 1948), Hui Muslim writer and author of History of the Soul.
  • Zhang Dai (1597–1689), Ming dynasty writer and historian.
  • Zhang Lijia (born 1964), Chinese writer and author of "Socialism is Great!".
  • Zhang Tianyi (1906–1985), Chinese left-wing writer and children's author.
  • Zhang Hongliang (born 1955), Chinese Maoist writer, scholar and social commentator.
  • Zhang Jialong (born 1988), Chinese journalist
  • Zhang Renxi 17th century Chinese poetical critic
  • Lifen Zhang (born 1962), British-Chinese journalist, author and broadcaster
  • Zhang Xinxin (writer) (born 1953), Chinese writer
  • Zhang Yousong (1903-1995, Chinese translator
  • Zhang Zhu (1287-1386), Chinese poet
Sports
  • Zhang Bing (born 1969), Chinese sports shooter.
  • Caroline Zhang (born 1993), American figure skater.
  • Zhang Dan (born 1985), Chinese pair skater, Zhang Hao's partner.
  • Zhang Hao (born 1984), Chinese pair skater, Zhang Dan's partner.
  • Zhang Huimin (born 1999), Chinese female athlete
  • Zhang Jin (born 2000), Chinese artistic gymnast
  • Zhang Juanjuan (born 1981), Chinese archer.
  • Zhang Jun (born 1977), Chinese badminton coach and former badminton player.
  • Zhang Lianbiao (born 1969), Chinese retired javelin thrower.
  • Zhang Ning (born 1975), Chinese badminton player.
  • Zhang Shuai (born 1989), Chinese tennis player.
  • Zhang Tiequan (born 1978), Chinese martial artist
  • Zhang Xi (born 1985), Chinese beach volleyball player.
  • Zhang Yining (born 1981), Chinese table tennis player.
  • Zhang Yufei (born 1998), competitive swimmer.
  • Zhang Yufei (born 1988), gymnast and gymnastics coach.
  • Zhang Yuning (born 1976), Chinese footballer.
Others
  • Haylen Cheung (2005- ),Hong Kong student who is a master of stickers.
  • Zhang Baokang or Sheng-yen (1930–2009), Chinese Buddhist monk and religious scholar.
  • Zhang Daoling (34–156), founder of the Taoist sect Way of the Celestial Masters.
  • Zhang Daqian (1899–1983) Chinese artist.
  • Zhang Hongbao (1954–2006), founder and spiritual leader of Zhong Gong.
  • Zhang Mingxuan Chinese clergyman and president of the Chinese House Church Alliance.
  • Zhang Qian (200–114 BC), Han dynasty diplomat and explorer.
  • Zhang Qiulin (born 1964), Chinese French contralto opera singer.
  • Zhang Sanfeng, semi-mythical Taoist priest who lived in the Yuan and Ming dynasties.
  • Zhang Xiao (born 1981), Chinese photographer.
  • Zhang Zeduan (1085–1145), Chinese painter.
  • Zhang Zhongjing, (150–219), Han dynasty physician.
  • Zhang Zilin (born 1984), winner of Miss World 2007.
  • James X. Zhang American health economist and academic
  • Xinyu Zhang (born 1955), Chinese businessman
Fictional and mythological characters
  • Frank Zhang, Roman demigod sired by Mars in The Heroes of Olympus series by Rick Riordan
  • Elder Zhang Guo (Zhang Guolao), one of the Eight Immortals in Chinese mythology.
  • Zhang Taiyan, grandmaster of Hokuto Sōkaken in the manga and anime series Fist of the Blue Sky
  • Zhang Wuji, the protagonist of the wuxia novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber by Jin Yong (Louis Cha).
Tiong
  • Tiong Hiew King (born 1935), Chinese Malaysian businessman.
  • Tiong King Sing, Chinese Malaysian politician.
Tjong
  • Tjong A Fie or Tjong Yiauw Hian (1860–1921), Indonesian businessman, philanthropist, banker and Chinese Kapitan of Medan after his brother died in 1911.
Cheong
  • Cheong Chia Chieh, Malaysian businessman.
  • Cheong Choong Kong (born 1941), Malaysian businessman, former CEO of Singapore Airlines.
  • Cheong Fatt Tze (1840–1916), Chinese businessman and politician.
  • Cheong Jun Hoong (born 1990), Malaysian diver.
  • Cheong Koon Hean (born 1957), Singaporean urban planner and architect.
  • Cheong Kuoc Vá (born 1956), Macau politician.
  • Cheong Liew, Malaysian-Australian chef.
  • Cheong U (born 1957), Macau politician.
  • Cheong Yoke Choy (1873–1958), Chinese-Malaysian philanthropist.

{{lang|zh|章}}

  • Zhang Binglin (1868–1936), Chinese philologist, textual critic, and anti-Manchu revolutionary.
  • Zhang Zhong (born 1978), Chinese chess grandmaster who now plays for Singapore.
  • Zhang Ziyi (born 1979), Chinese actress and model.

{{lang|zh|仉}}

  • Mother of Mencius

See also

  • Trương, Zhang in Vietnamese
  • Chinese name
  • Chinese surname
  • List of common Chinese surnames

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ancestry.ca/name-origin?surname=zhang|title=Zhang Name Meaning & Zhang Family History at Ancestry.ca|website=www.ancestry.ca|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-17}}
2. ^[https://www.reference.com/education/10-common-last-names-world-ff45abb098a0454b "What are the 10 most common last names in the world?"], reference.com
3. ^Xinhua. "公安部统计分析显示：王姓成为我国第一大姓." {{zh icon}}
4. ^People's Daily. "Chinese Surname Shortage Sparks Rethink."
5. ^McFarlan, Donald. 1990 Guinness Book of World Records. Sterling Pub. Co., 2001. {{ISBN|189205101X}}.
6. ^"公安部统计：'王'成中国第一大姓 有9288万人 [Public Security Bureau Statistics: 'Wang' Found China's #1 'Big Family', Includes 92.88m People]." 24 Apr 2007. Accessed 27 Mar 2012.{{zh icon}}
7. ^中华百家姓-千字文-国学经典-文化经典. "中国台湾姓氏排行 [Taiwan (China) Surname Ranking]". 8 Jun 2010. Accessed 1 Apr 2012. {{zh icon}}
8. ^Statistics Singapore. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223075738/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/chinesesurnames.html Popular Chinese Surnames in Singapore]".
9. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Shah | first1 = B. R. | last2 = Chiu | first2 = M. | last3 = Amin | first3 = S. | last4 = Ramani | first4 = M. | last5 = Sadry | first5 = S. | last6 = Tu | first6 = J. V. | doi = 10.1186/1471-2288-10-42 | title = Surname lists to identify South Asian and Chinese ethnicity from secondary data in Ontario, Canada: A validation study | journal = BMC Medical Research Methodology | volume = 10 | pages = 42 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20470433| pmc =2877682 }}
10. ^1 2 Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. {{cite web |url= http://crlao.ehess.fr/docannexe.php?id=1207 |title= Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120425064509/http://crlao.ehess.fr/docannexe.php?id=1207 |archivedate= April 25, 2012 |df= }}  {{small|(1.93 MB)}}, p. 162. 2011. Accessed 11 October 2011.
11. ^1 2 Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. {{cite web |url= http://crlao.ehess.fr/docannexe.php?id=1207 |title= Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120425064509/http://crlao.ehess.fr/docannexe.php?id=1207 |archivedate= April 25, 2012 |df= }}  {{small|(1.93 MB)}}, p. 143. 2011. Accessed 11 October 2011.
{{surname}}Chương (họ)

1 : Chinese-language surnames
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