| 词条 | Draft:Kiwetinokia |
| 释义 |
Kiwetinokia is a middle Cambrian genus belonging to the Protospongiidae family. Kiwetinokia fossils include clusters of scattered spicules occurring on bedding planes of shaly limestone[1]. It is characterized by the presence of two or more spicules twisted around one another, a primitive trait which may indicate that Kiwetinokia is a stem group taxon[2]. Structure{{taxobox| image = | image_caption = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Porifera | classis = Hexactinellida | ordo = Reticulosa | familia = Protospongiidae | genus = {{extinct}}Kiwetinokia | genus_authority = C. D. Walcott 1920 | fossil_range = {{Geo range|middle Cambrian|late Cambrian}} | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = * K. utahensis (Walcott, 1920)
}} Kiwetinokia consists of long, slender spicular rods associated with stauracts and triradiate, Y-shaped spicules[3]. In K. spiralis, The spicules twist around one another in groups of two or more spicules to form a rope-like structure[1]. In K. utahensis, spicules are interwoven with a net composed of roughly aligned, irregularly sized stauracts[1]. In some specimens, multiple groups of twisted spicules are fused together[2]. No distinct pattern is observable in the arrangement of the spicules, and the shape of the sponge itself is not known.[1]. DistributionArgentina[4]
Italy[5]
Mexico[6]
United States[7]
EcologyKiwetinokia appear to be stationary epifaunal suspension feeders[8]. They are found in shallow subtidal, offshore, and reef environments[8]. They demonstrate a close ecological association with the reef-forming Archaeocyatha, making them one of the first North American sponges to have lived in a reef habitat[2]. Included TaxaThe genus Kiwetinokia includes the following species:
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|author1=Rigby, Keith J.|date=1978|title=Porifera of the Middle Cambrian Wheeler Shale, from the Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range, in Western Utah|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=52|pages=1325–1345}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal|author1=McMenamin, Mark A.S.|date=2008|title=Early Cambrian sponge spicules from the Cerro Clemente and Cerro Rajón, Sonora, México|journal=Geologica Actica|volume=6|pages=363–367|doi=10.1344/105.000000263}} 3. ^{{cite journal|author1=Rigby, Keith J.|date=1969|title=A New Middle Cambrian Hexactinellid Sponge from Western Utah|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=43|pages=125–128}} 4. ^{{cite journal|author1=Beresi, M.S.|author2=Rigby, K.J.|date=1994|title=Sponges and chancelloriids from the Cambrian of western Argentina|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=68|pages=208–217}} 5. ^{{cite journal|author1=Mostler, H.|date=1985|title=New heteractinid sponges (Calcispongia) from Lower and Middle Cambrian of SW Sardinia|journal=Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck|volume=72|pages=7–32}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author1=Debrenne, F.|author2=Gandin, A.|author3=Rowland, S.M.|date=1989|title=Lower Cambrian bioconstructions in Northwestern Mexico (Sonora). Depositional setting, paleoecology and systematics of Archaeocyaths|journal=Géobios|volume=22|pages=137–195}} 7. ^{{cite journal|date=1983|title=Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Marjum Limestone from the House Range and Drum Mountains of Western Millard County, Utah|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=57|pages=240–270|author1=Rigby, J.K.}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=4113|title=Kiwetinokia|publisher=Fossilworks|format=webpage|access-date=5 December 2018}} |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。