“Zilpah”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In the Book of Genesis, Zilpah (זִלְפָּה "meaning uncertain," Standard Hebrew Zilpa, Tiberian Hebrew Zilpāh) was Leah's handmaid, presumed slave,^[1] whom Leah gave to Jacob "to wife" to bear him children ({{bibleverse||Genesis|30:9|HE}}).^[2] Zilpah gave birth to two sons, whom Leah claimed as her own and named Gad and Asher ({{bibleverse||Genesis|30:10-13|HE}}).

Zilpah is given to Leah as a handmaid by Leah's father, Laban, upon Leah's marriage to Jacob (see {{bibleverse||Genesis|29:24|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Genesis|46:18|HE}}). According to the early rabbinical commentary Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer, Zilpah and Bilhah, the handmaids of Leah and Rachel, respectively, were actually younger daughters of Laban.^[3]

Zilpah also figures in the competition between Jacob's wives to bear him sons. Leah stops conceiving after the birth of her fourth son, at which point ^[4] Rachel, who had not yet borne children, offers her handmaid, Bilhah, "to wife" to Jacob so that she can have children through her. When Bilhah conceives two sons, Leah takes up the same idea and presents Zilpah "to wife" to Jacob. Leah names the two sons of Zilpah and is directly involved in their upbringing.

According to Rashi, an 11th-century commentator, Zilpah was younger than Bilhah, and Laban's decision to give her to Leah was part of the deception he used to trick Jacob into marrying Leah, who was older than Rachel. The morning after the wedding, Laban explained to Jacob, "This is not done in our place, to give the younger before the older" ({{bibleverse||Genesis|29:26|HE}}). But at night, to mask the deception, Laban gave the veiled bride the younger of the handmaids, so Jacob would think that he was really marrying Rachel, the younger of the sisters.^[5]

In Jewish tradition, Zilpah is believed to be buried in the Tomb of the Matriarchs in Tiberias.

Family tree

In popular culture

In the novel The Red Tent by Anita Diamant, Zilpah and Bilhah are represented as half-sisters of Leah and Rachel by different mothers.

References

1. ^In Context {{cite book|author=Josephine Rosman|title=Claiming Bilhah and Zilpah|url=https://jwa.org/blog/risingvoices/claiming-bilhah-and-zilpah|date=27 October 2017|publisher=Jewish Womens Archive}}
2. ^For the etymology, see: {{cite book|author=Herbert Lockyer|title=All the Women of the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aGV_DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT242|date=22 November 2016|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-53108-1|page=242}}
3. ^{{cite book |author=Rabbi Eliezer|translator-last=Friedlander|translator-first=Gerald |edition=1916 translation|title=Pirke De Rabbi Eliezer |url=https://archive.org/details/pirkderabbieli00frieuoft |chapter=Chapter 36|location=London |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Turner & Co. Ltd. |page=271-272}}
4. ^{{bibleverse||Genesis|30:3|HE}}
5. ^For Rashi's commentary on this, with English translation, see Rashi's notes on 30:10: