| 词条 | Draft:Maria da Penha |
| 释义 |
Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes (Fortaleza, Ceará, 1945)[1] is a Brazilian pharmacist who fought for her aggressor to be convicted. Maria da Penha, an emblematic victim of domestic violence, has three daughters and is the leader of movements for the defense of women's rights in Brazil. On August 7, 2006, the law that bears her name was sanctioned: the Maria da Penha Law, an important legislative tool in the fight against domestic and family violence against women in Brazil.[2] She is the founder of the Maria da Penha Institute, an NGO that fights against domestic violence and women's rights.[3] Maria da Penha LawIn 1983, her husband, Colombian professor Marco Antonio Heredia Viveros, tried to kill her twice. The first time he shot her with a firearm, the second time he tried to electrocute her while she took a shower. Because of the aggression suffered, Maria da Penha became paraplegic. It was only nineteen years later, in October 2002, that her aggressor was sentenced to time in jail. There were only six months left before the statute of limitations for the crime expired.[4] Heredia was arrested and served only two years (one-third) of the sentence to which he had been sentenced. He was released in 2004, and is now free.[5] The episode reached the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States (OAS) and was considered, for the first time in history, a crime of domestic violence.[6] Today, Penha is coordinator of studies of the Association of Studies, Research and Publications of the Association of Relatives and Friends of Victims of Violence (APAVV), in Ceará, Brazil. The Maria da Penha Law recognizes the seriousness of cases of domestic violence and removes from special criminal courts (which judge crimes of lesser offensive potential) the competence to judge them. In an article published in 2003, the lawyer Carmem Campos pointed out the various deficits of this legal practice, which, in most cases, generated massive filing of cases, dissatisfaction of victims and trivialization of domestic violence. In September 2016, Maria da Penha was considered for the Nobel Peace Prize. References1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Cisne|first=Mirla|last2=Oliveira|first2=Giulia Maria Jenelle Cavalcante de|date=2018-03-29|title=Violência contra a mulher e a lei Maria da Penha: desafios na sociedade patriarcal-racista-capitalista do Estado brasileiro|journal=Serviço Social Em Revista|volume=20|issue=1|pages=77|doi=10.5433/1679-4842.2017v20n1p77|issn=1679-4842}} Category:Women's rightsCategory:WomenCategory:Domestic violenceCategory:Brazil2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Anjos|first=Daniela Dias Dos|date=2017-12-29|title=Teses defendidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação da Universidade São Francisco no período de agosto a novembro de 2017|journal=Horizontes|volume=35|issue=3|pages=184|doi=10.24933/horizontes.v35i3.599|issn=2317-109X}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.institutomariadapenha.org.br/2016/index.php/sobre-maria-da-penha|title=Maria da Penha Institute|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Saraceni|first=Valeria|last2=Nicolai|first2=Cecília Carmen de Araujo|last3=Toschi|first3=Wálria Dias Machado|last4=Caridade|first4=Maristela Cardoso|last5=Azevedo|first5=Marina Baptista|last6=Rocha|first6=Penha Maria Mendes da|last7=Silva|first7=Rosanna Iozzi da|date=December 2010|title=Desfecho dos casos de Influenza Pandêmica (H1N1) 2009 em mulheres em idade fértil durante a pandemia, no Município do Rio de Janeiro|journal=Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde|volume=19|issue=4|doi=10.5123/s1679-49742010000400004|issn=1679-4974}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Saraceni|first=Valeria|last2=Nicolai|first2=Cecília Carmen de Araujo|last3=Toschi|first3=Wálria Dias Machado|last4=Caridade|first4=Maristela Cardoso|last5=Azevedo|first5=Marina Baptista|last6=Rocha|first6=Penha Maria Mendes da|last7=Silva|first7=Rosanna Iozzi da|date=December 2010|title=Desfecho dos casos de Influenza Pandêmica (H1N1) 2009 em mulheres em idade fértil durante a pandemia, no Município do Rio de Janeiro|journal=Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde|volume=19|issue=4|doi=10.5123/s1679-49742010000400004|issn=1679-4974}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Saraceni|first=Valeria|last2=Nicolai|first2=Cecília Carmen de Araujo|last3=Toschi|first3=Wálria Dias Machado|last4=Caridade|first4=Maristela Cardoso|last5=Azevedo|first5=Marina Baptista|last6=Rocha|first6=Penha Maria Mendes da|last7=Silva|first7=Rosanna Iozzi da|date=December 2010|title=Desfecho dos casos de Influenza Pandêmica (H1N1) 2009 em mulheres em idade fértil durante a pandemia, no Município do Rio de Janeiro|journal=Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde|volume=19|issue=4|doi=10.5123/s1679-49742010000400004|issn=1679-4974}} |
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