| 词条 | Zlatoust |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Zlatoust |ru_name=Златоуст |image_skyline=Новогодняя площадь - panoramio (1).jpg |image_caption=New Year's Square, Zlatoust |coordinates = {{coord|55|10|N|59|40|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Zlatoust (Chelyabinsk oblast).png |coa_caption= |image_flag=Flag of Zlatoust (Chelyabinsk oblast).png |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Chelyabinsk Oblast |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of=September 2011 |adm_city_jur=City of Zlatoust |adm_city_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of=City of Zlatoust |adm_ctr_of_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=City |inhabloc_cat_ref= |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=October 2015 |urban_okrug_jur=Zlatoustovsky Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=[1] |mun_admctr_of=Zlatoustovsky Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of_ref=[1] |leader_title=Mayor |leader_title_ref= |leader_name=Vyacheslav Zhilin |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=174962 |pop_2010census_rank=103rd |pop_2010census_ref=[1] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1754 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=456200 |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=3513 |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://www.zlatoust.info/ |website_ref= |commonscat= |date=May 2010 }} Zlatoust ({{lang-rus|Златоуст|p=zlətɐˈust}}) is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Ay River (in the Kama basin), {{convert|160|km|sp=us}} west of Chelyabinsk. Population: {{ru-census2010|174,962|;}} {{ru-census2002|194,551|;}} {{su-census1989|207,794|;}} 181,000 (1971); 161,000 (1959); 99,000 (1939); 48,000 (1926); 21,000 (1910). EtymologyThe city's name is derived from the Russian translation of "Chrysostom", literally "golden-mouthed" in the original Greek, for the eloquent Saint John Chrysostom,[2] because the city was founded near a church dedicated to that saint. History{{unsourced|section|date=October 2016}}Zlatoust was founded in 1754 due to construction of the ironworks. In 1774–76, the workers of the plant took part in the insurrection led by Yemelyan Pugachev. In the early 19th century, Pavel Anosov made the first Russian bulat steel blades in Zlatoust. It was granted town status in 1865. From 1865 to 1919 Zlatoust was part of Ufa Governorate. The town is also known for the first cannons made of Russian steel. In 1903, the Tsarist authorities brutally suppressed a strike, organized by the workers of Zlatoust. In the beginning of the 19th century, an arms factory was constructed there which began to produce sabres and swords. Famous artists Ivan Bushuyev and Ivan Boyarshinov authored unique patterns of cold-steel decorated with engravings. Flying winged horse was a favorite element of many of Bushuyev's engravings, so he was given a nickname Ivan the Wingy (Ivanko Krylatko). Since then, a pegasus has been an emblem of the town. The Soviets gained control over Zlatoust in March 1918. The town was occupied by the Whites between June 1918 and July 1919. On 13 July 1919, Zlatoust was seized by the Red Army. During the Soviet period, Zlatoust became an industrial city, which specialized in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, tool-making, food production, and other industries. Zlatoust is one of the centers of artistic engraving on metal in Russia. Traditionally, such engravings were done on weapons, such as knives and swords; however, during Soviet period the engraving was shifted onto decorative metal plates. Nowadays the weapon engraving is popular again. 2013 meteor event{{main|2013 Russian meteor event}}Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with nine rural localities, incorporated as the City of Zlatoust—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[3] As a municipal division, the City of Zlatoust is incorporated as Zlatoustovsky Urban Okrug.[3] Notable natives or residents
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=St. John Chrysostom|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08452b.htm|website=The Catholic Encyclopedia|publisher=New Advent|accessdate=November 19, 2017}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 Resolution #161 Sources
External links
4 : Cities and towns in Chelyabinsk Oblast|Ufa Governorate|Populated places established in 1754|1754 establishments in the Russian Empire |
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