| 词条 | Z notation |
| 释义 |
The Z notation {{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|ɛ|d}} is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification of computer programs and computer-based systems in general. HistoryIn 1974, Jean-Raymond Abrial published "Data Semantics".[1] He used a notation that would later be taught in the University of Grenoble until the end of the 1980s. While at EDF (Électricité de France), Abrial wrote internal notes on Z.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} The Z notation is used in the 1980 book Méthodes de programmation.[2] Z was originally proposed by Abrial in 1977 with the help of Steve Schuman and Bertrand Meyer.[3] It was developed further at the Programming Research Group at Oxford University, where Abrial worked in the early 1980s, having arrived at Oxford in September 1979. Abrial has said that Z is so named "Because it is the ultimate language!"[4] although the name "Zermelo" is also associated with the Z notation through its use of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. Usage and notationZ is based on the standard mathematical notation used in axiomatic set theory, lambda calculus, and first-order predicate logic. All expressions in Z notation are typed, thereby avoiding some of the paradoxes of naive set theory. Z contains a standardized catalogue (called the mathematical toolkit) of commonly used mathematical functions and predicates, defined using Z itself. Although Z notation (just like the APL language, long before it) uses many non-ASCII symbols, the specification includes suggestions for rendering the Z notation symbols in ASCII and in LaTeX. There are also Unicode encodings for all standard Z symbols. StandardsISO completed a Z standardization effort in 2002. This standard[5] and a technical corrigendum[6] are available from ISO for free:
See also
References1. ^{{Citation | author-link = Jean-Raymond Abrial | first = Jean-Raymond | last = Abrial | contribution = Data Semantics | editor1-last = Klimbie | editor1-first = J. W. | editor2-last = Koffeman | editor2-first = K. L. | title = Proceedings of the IFIP Working Conference on Data Base Management | publisher = North-Holland | pages = 1–59 | year=1974 }} 2. ^{{Citation | author1-link = Bertrand Meyer | first1 = Bertrand | last1 = Meyer | first2 = Claude | last2 = Baudoin | title = Méthodes de programmation | publisher = Eyrolles | year = 1980 | language = French}} 3. ^{{Citation | first1 = Jean-Raymond | last1 = Abrial | first2 = Stephen A | last2 = Schuman | first3 = Bertrand | last3 = Meyer | contribution = A Specification Language | title = On the Construction of Programs | publisher = Cambridge University Press | editor1-first = A. M. | editor1-last = Macnaghten | editor2-first = R. M. | editor2-last = McKeag | year = 1980 | ISBN = 0-521-23090-X}} (describes early version of the language). 4. ^{{cite web| url=http://liacs.leidenuniv.nl/~hoogeboomhj/praatjes/formalmethods/formalmethods.pdf | title=Formal Methods in Software Engineering | first=Hendrik Jan | last=Hoogeboom | publisher=University of Leiden | location=The Netherland | accessdate=14 April 2017 }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book | title = Information Technology — Z Formal Specification Notation — Syntax, Type System and Semantics | chapter-url = http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=21573 | chapter = ISO/IEC 13568:2002 | date = 2002-07-01 | publisher = ISO | url = http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c021573_ISO_IEC_13568_2002(E).zip | format = Zipped PDF}} 196 pp. 6. ^1 {{cite book | title = Information Technology — Z Formal Specification Notation — Syntax, Type System and Semantics — Technical corrigendum 1 | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46112 | chapter = ISO/IEC 13568:2002/Cor.1:2007 | publisher = ISO | date = 2007-07-15 | format = PDF}} 12 pp. Further reading
| author-link = John Michael Spivey| first = John Michael | last = Spivey | title = The Z Notation: A reference manual | edition = 2nd | year = 1992 | publisher = Prentice Hall | series = International Series in Computer Science | url = http://spivey.oriel.ox.ac.uk/mike/zrm/}}
5 : Computer-related introductions in 1977|Specification languages|Formal specification languages|Z notation|Oxford University Computing Laboratory |
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