| 词条 | Draft:Ordosnb/sandbox |
| 释义 |
History of Ordos CityPrehistoric civilizationAt the southern end of the Ordos grassland, there is a river originating from Dingbian County in northwestern Shaanxi, flowing through the Otog Banner and Uxin Banner in Inner Mongolia, and then flowing from the east of Batuwan Village into the territory of northern Shanxi, after converging with Xiangshui River. It flows into the Wuding River, a tributary of the Yellow River, to the southeast. In the loose Mu Us Sandyland, a “U” shaped river valley is washed out. This river is known as the Sarawusu River. Sara Wusu, Mongolian means yellow water, which means that the river here is yellow all the year round; on both sides of the river is covered with swaying red willows, so people also call this river "Hongliu River". It is in this river. In 1922, the French Catholic priest Sang Zhihua first discovered a fossil fossil of the "Hetao People" here. Since then, Chinese archaeologists have visited the site many times. A large number of cultural relics have been discovered, and as early as 35,000 years ago, "Hetao people" lived here. The material culture created by the “Hetao People” is now called “Salawusu Culture”. After a comprehensive analysis of geology, animal fossils and stone tools, the Sarawusu culture was identified as the late Paleolithic culture. Hetao civilization is the product of the integration of grassland culture and Yellow River civilization. Its long-term development and complex transmutation process, especially the relationship with Urad and Ordos Mongolian culture, also illustrates the relationship between Hetao civilization and Yellow River civilization. Hetao culture is one of the important components of the mainstream culture of the northern grasslands. In the grassland culture, the Hetao culture is both a source and a stream. As a source, Hetao culture has a historical accumulation of symbiosis with the northern grassland culture. As a stream, it is different from the Mongolian classic culture in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, such as Hongshan culture and Khorchin Mongols culture. It has its unique development trend. In the origin of grassland culture, it is a source of the late Paleolithic period, which originated from the prosperity of ancient ethnic minorities. It was formed in the Qin, Han, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is a cultural system of modern and contemporary civilization. It is an independent unit culture circle of grassland culture and a complete regional cultural system, which plays an important role in the composition of grassland culture. Ancient historyBefore the Zhou Dynasty, it was a nomadic area such as the Guifang and Lin Hu. In the Warring States Period, it was the Yunzhong County of the Zhao State Territory, and later belonged to the Qin State. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, it was the front line of the Xiongnu and Han wars. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty set up the Shuofang County here. When Emperor Xuan of Han called the Huxie Chanyu to come , he became the residence of the Southern Xiongnu. Later, Hu Han lived in harmony, and the Uprising of the Five Barbarians broke out in the Western Jin Dynasty. Sixteen Kingdoms were the pre-Qin and post-Qin territory. The Northern Dynasties belonged to the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, they were all territories. In the Tang Dynasty, they were placed in the party, and the famous General Guo Ziyi once held this position. During the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Suzong of Tang fled to this place. Qin Zhidao and Qifang CountyQin Zhidao was an important military road for Qin Shihuang to be supervised by Meng Tian from 212 BC to 210 BC. Qinzhidao starts from Yunyang Linguang Palace in the Xianyang military site, and goes to Jiuyuan County in the north. Qinzhidao passes through Ordos City, three Banners and one district, the Qinzhidao site protection unit is established in Ordos City. One of the northern border counties of the Han Dynasty, the Sufang County was set up in the Western Han Dynasty. In 127 BC (Yuanshou two years), Emperor Wu sent Wei Qing and Li Xi to send troops to attack the Xiongnu. Soldiers from Yunzhong County, west of Gaochun, and then westward to Fuli (now northern Gansu), regained the Hetao. The jurisdiction of the original Qin Dynasty (commonly known as "New Qinzhong"), and the Sufang County in the south of the Yin Mountain, has been identified in the northwestern part of the current Otog Banner. Tongwan CityTongwan City is located at the junction of Ordos City and Jingbian, Shaanxi Province. It was the capital of the Daxia Kingdom during the Northern Dynasties and Sixteen Kingdoms 1500 years ago, In 407 AD, the Xiongnu s’ leader Helian Bobo called himself “Tianwang, Great Chan Yu, occupied and located in the desert. The first year of Helian Bobo's kingdom called "Fengxiang", the 100,000 people of all ethnic groups, used the "steaming dust to build the city" method to build the capital in the south of the black water in the north of the SuFang (now Hongliu River). It was named "Tongwan City", the meaning of “unifying the world and living in Wanwan County.” The city was built in 7 years. The city is 25 meters thick, with a height of 23.33 meters and a width of 11.16 meters. Eight white roomThe Chinese translation of "Ordos" is "eight white rooms". For the sake of easy understanding, it is generally translated as "a large number of palaces". When Genghis Khan passed through the present Ordos area in a march, the whip landed, and Genghis Khan sighed that the water and grass here was rich, and he said that he would be buried here after his death. In August 1227, Genghis Khan died on the way to Xixia. Genghis Khan’s three sons, Wo Kuotai Khan, placed the coffin and relics of Genghis Khan in a white felt for worship, collectively known as the Eight White Room. When the time came to Kublai Khan, Yuanshizu, he stipulated the ceremonies and ritual rules of the Eighth Room, and promulgated the sacred ceremonies. He held sacrifices throughout the year and became a great sacrifice for the Mongol Empire. In the eight white rooms, Genghis Khan and several ladies' coffins formed three white rooms. Genghis Khan used saddles, bows and arrows, milk buckets, historical materials books and reincarnation white horses that had been sealed by Genghis Khan to form the other five white rooms. And ordered the Darwinites to be guarded by the generation and generation, the Eight White Room is the holy place for the Mongolian people to worship. The Chagan Suluk sacrifice is the big ritual of the Eight White Room in a year. Genghis Khan used the 981 horses to send to the heavens. And reincarnation of the white god horse with white satin hanging and offering. The Eight White Room is a movable hall and a symbol of the power of the Genghis Khan gold family. In the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan entered the Central Plains, and the Eight White Room moved to the capital, Khanbaliq. In the 1750s, Mandulu Khan led the Ordos Department into the area south of the Yellow River. Eight white rooms moved to Ordos. Soon, the son of Mandulu Khan came to dominate the grasslands, betrayed the golden family of Genghis Khan, and controlled the eight white rooms in their hands. Until the beginning of the sixteenth century, Genghis Khan's fifteenth generation of Sun Batu Mengke unified Mongolian ministries, and the eight white rooms were re-owned in the Genghis Khan gold family. DarkhadIn the town of Ejin Horo Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, a division of the protecting mausoleum, composed of the elite warriors of the army and the ministries of the dynasty, has been guarding the Genghis Khan’s spiritual account for 780 years. This team is known as "Darkhad" (Chinese means "the sacred mission"). From the day of the death of Genghis Khan, an elite division has been selected from the ministries and their descendants who have achieved outstanding achievements and are most loyal to Genghis Khan. They have taken on the mission of guarding and honoring the “God of Devotion”. This special force was later known as the "Darkhad" of the Genghis Khan. At present, the Darkhadness have more than 6,000 people. In the main hall, Darkhad, who is involved in the daily and major sacrifices, is called "Ya Men Te". They implement hereditary system, there are presiding rituals, playing music, singing and so on. The Darkhadness who work in the Genghis Khan's Mausoleum today receive monthly civil service standard wages. Wang Ai Zhao Wang Aizhao, also known as Yi Kezhao (Da Miao), according to historical records, Wang Aizhao is a grand scale; extremely spectacular temple, the temple covers an area of 50 acres, the temple has about 259 buildings, surrounded by 282 lama houses, The structure of building takes the essence of the two traditional styles of Tibetan and Chinese. Because of the grandeur of Wang Aizhao's architecture, the folks have always been known as the “East Tibet”. It is a pity that the Japanese army invaded Wang Aizhao in 1941, and the treasure was looted and fired to Wang Aizhao. At present, only Wang Aizhao's ruins, "Wolongtugang", has a small warehouse. The original classmate Lama Lobson Zimba is unwavering in this religion. He continues to read the Buddha in this small warehouse and concentrate on the practice. Qing DynastySee also: Qing dynasty Six Banner's LeagueIn the sixth year of Qing Shunzhi (AD 1649), the Qing dynasty divided the Mongolian Ordos tribe into six Banners: the Ordos left-wing middle Banner (formerly the county king Banner), Ordos Left-wing front Banner (now Jungar Banner),the Ordos left-wing Banner (now the Dalat Banner), Ordos right-wing middle Banner (now Otog Banner),Ordos right-wing front Banner (now Uxin Banner), Ordos right wing Banner (now Hanggin), later, the addition of Ordos right wing before the Banner (formerly Zhasak Banner). Later, the Ordos' Six Banners have allied at Wang Ai Zhao, and named the Ikezhao League(Former name of Ordos city). The Qing Dynasty was an important period in the history of China's population development. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, through the restoration and development of Kangxi , YongZheng ,and Qianlong, three emperors, the population of the Qianlong Dynasty broke through the 300 million mark. The contradiction between people and land is sharp, and a large number of the poor in the Mainland are forced by life pressure. They migrated to the West(Ordos), the Guandong, and the Nanyang(South sea and island of China). "Zou Xi Kou" means that thousands of people from Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places have migrated to Ordos, Guihua(Hohhot), Tumut, and Chahar since the Qing Dynasty. "Zou Xi Kou" changed Mongolia's social structure, economic structure and way of life. Shanxi people account for a relatively high proportion of immigrants, bringing Shanxi's Jin culture to the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia. ModernAfter the Republic of China, the special zone of Suiyuan was established, and later it was changed to Suiyuan Province, and Ikezhao League was established. After the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, Japan occupied most of northern China. In 1938, Inner Mongolia Bailing Temple, Guisui, Baotou and other places were successively lost. After the Japanese invaders occupied Baotou, they went to Ordos to coerce the princes of all ethnic groups and moved the eight white rooms of Genghis Khan to Baotou. At that time, the Iqzhao League leader Shagdur Zab and the flag princes vowed never to move east. Because the Genghis Khan eight white room is the god of all Mongolian beliefs. At that time, the situation was forced, but in desperation, the eight white room had to move west to the Xinglong Mountain in Gansu. On June 9, 1939, the Eight White Room embarked on a long road to the west. On June 21, the Eight White Room passed through Yan'an, and the Chinese Communist Party presented a wreath to the bier. On the couplet of the mourning hall, the two major ethnic groups of Mongolia and Han are more closely united, inheriting the spirit of Genghis Khan and fighting against the war, and the banner is the world giant. On June 25th, the Eight White Room arrived in Xi'an, and along the street, the 200,000 people were welcome. The National Government held a grand national festival in accordance with the customs of the Mongolian nation. On July 1, 1939, the Eight White Room was placed in Xinglong Mountain, Gansu Province. In 1949, due to the chaos of the current situation, the government of the Republic of China moved the Eight White Room to the Qinghai Kumbum Monastery. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has been transferred to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 1954, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China moved the Eight White Room back to Ejin Hollow. [5] In 2001, the State Council approved the withdrawal of Ikezhao League and the establishment of the prefecture-level Ordos City. On June 8, 2016, the State Council approved the “Request for the Establishment of Kangbashi District in Ordos City” of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: agreed to set up Kangbashi District, and will be the Habagesh Street, Qingshan Street and Binhe Street in Dongsheng District of Ordos City. It is placed under the jurisdiction of the Kangbash district. |
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