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词条 Draft:Philippine E-Government Master Plan
释义
      Early History    Under President Benigno Simeon Aquino III   Present 

  1. Objectives

  2. Components

      Infrastructure    Shared Services    E-Government Framework (eGovFrame)    Government Common Platform (GCP)    National Government Portal NGP  

  3. E-Government Projects

     Integrated Government Philippines (iGovPhil) Project  Medium-Term ICT Harmonization Initiative (MITHI)  Clusters 

  4. Future of E-Government

      E-Science    E-Health    E-Commerce    E-Agriculture  

  5. Challenges

  6. References

{{AFC submission|d|adv|u=Hokkaidomilk|ns=118|decliner=K.e.coffman|declinets=20181022044332|ts=20180719061715}}

The E-Government Master Plan (EGMP) serves as a framework for the integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) efforts of the Philippine government. It aims to create valuable and meaningful connections between the government and the public through its services, specifically, exchanging, making use of data, and maximizing resources with the use of IT solutions.[1] Furthermore, it aims to provide citizens with easy access to information that ensures transparency and accountability in government operations.[2] It also aims to link all 19 Philippine government departments by creating an effective system of tasks and direct initiatives that prevent duplication.

== History ==

With the advent of the digital era, the Philippines has concerted efforts as early as the 1990s to incorporate information and communications technology (ICT) in the government’s delivery of information and services to the public.

Early History

In 1997, the country adopted the National Information Technology Plan for the 21st Century (IT21) to propel itself to global competitiveness through information technology (I.T.). Over the next 7 to 15 years, the plan aims to materialize its vision:

“By the turn of the 21st century, the Philippines will have laid the infrastructure for every business, every agency of government, every school, and every home in the Philippines to have access to information technology. By the year 2005, I.T. use will be pervasive in daily life. Philippine companies will be producing competitive I.T. products for world markets. Within the first decade of the 21st Century, the Philippines will be a Knowledge Center in the Asia-Pacific: the leader in I.T. education, in I.T.-assisted training, and in the application of information and knowledge to business, professional services, and the arts.”...[1]
The IT21 divides the development into 3 phases and presents strategies to be implemented by the Department of Transportation and Communication, the Department of Trade and Industry, and the National Telecommunications Commission. Then President Fidel V. Ramos, in his final state of the nation address, specifically claims to upgrade governance by wiring up the bureaucracy and collaborating with the local government units and outside entities.[2]

A comprehensive plan dedicated to the computerization of the government was framed in the Government Information Systems Plan (GISP) by 2000. The Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Council led initiatives to establish an online government and promote access to public information and services. With the passage of the Republic Act No. 8792, or the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000, electronic transactions were deemed legitimate as any other document or legal writing, further strengthening policy support for an e-government.[3]

As an update to the GISP, the Commission of Information and Communications Technology (CICT) came up with the Philippine Strategic ICT Roadmap in 2006. The roadmap employed a "multi-stakeholder approach" that involves the civil society, private sector, and organizations to build an information society. It centers on the role of the government in ICT development, which is recognized as a key driver towards economic growth.[4]

Under President Benigno Simeon Aquino III

In an attempt to address the systemic corruption and poverty in the Philippines, then President Benigno Simeon Aquino III reviewed past e-governance strategies. Launching the EGMP in 2010, Aquino focused in achieving good governance goals, reflecting his advocacy campaign of “daang matuwid” (English: the right way). His initiatives were directed towards operational efficiency, transparency and accountability, participatory governance, and efficient delivery of public services. Capitalizing on a whole-of-government approach, the EGMP underlines collaboration, interoperability, shared services, and openness among government agencies.[2]

Present

The CICT then refined the Philippine Strategic ICT Roadmap in 2011, drafting the Philippine Digital Strategy (PDS) aligned with the Philippine Development Plan. The PDS envisioned a connected and networked society empowered by ICT, promoting economic and social development. The PDS prioritizes e-government of the four major areas that it covers, citing the "ease of access, ease of use, efficiency and quality of services rendered, and establishment of privacy and security standards" for the Filipinos. The e-government also supports the fight against corruption and poverty, by providing more transparent and accessible information and services, and facilitates a feedback system from its constituents.

To ensure the continuity of reforms and streamlining of e-government innovations, Executive Order No. 47 was passed in 2016, creating the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT). The department now oversees the EGMP, in its designation as the primary policy, planning, and administrative entity in forwarding the national ICT development agenda.

Objectives

The EGMP envisions “a digitally empowered and integrated government that provides responsive and transparent online citizen-centered services for a globally competitive Filipino nation.”[5]In line with this, the general objective of e-government is to improve public service and this will be done through building the infrastructure needed and shared services, automating processes, and providing online services to citizens and businesses. [9] Currently, the EGMP is determined to create an ICT-based transformation of governance and the delivery of government services and information, including health and education, especially in the countryside for inclusive growth.[5]

Components

To reach its objectives, the government must face the challenge of applying interconnected government systems for interoperability, thus it is important to organize the EGMP by establishing building blocks to better align their vision with their plans. The first version of the EGMP introduced the system of governance, the ICT foundation, and the priority applications, which drive the core services as the main components of their building blocks. The release of the EGMP v2.0 was an attempt to improve and update these building blocks.[6]

Infrastructure

The government data centers and fiber optic networks fall under infrastructure. Fiber optic networks are needed for high-speed communication and connections between government offices for sharing of tasks and data. The infrastructure includes the Government Network (GovNet), Government Data Center (GDC), Government Cloud (GovCloud), and Security.[6]

  • Government Network (GovNet): This was created to connect government agencies to the data center with the use of fiber optic technology. There are three major layers in GovNet, namely the international layer, the central or core layer, and the lower or regional layer.[6]The international layer refers to the Internet exchanges involving the Philippine Government, the central layer refers to the infrastructure where all Internet traffic converge, and the lower layer refers to the regional network. The GovNet was launched in 2016 connecting 118 government agencies in Metro Manila and 12 in Cebu. [7]
  • National Government Data Center (NGDC) is the physical infrastructure for the connection of government agencies. Two of these are currently operational in which a total of 14 agencies have co-located their services - 10 in NGDC 1 and four in NGDC 2. These NGDCs serve as the launching point for various government services such as cloud computing and web hosting.[6]
  • Government Cloud (GovCloud) was implemented in hopes to improve overall efficiency while decreasing hardware costs by the virtualization of servers, storage devices, software requirements and compute resources. This was also implemented in hopes of enhancing data protection. Presently, GovCloud hosts several shared services of the iGovPhil project and will continue to expand for the accommodation of more agencies that need cloud computing.[6] The EGMP plans to develop GovCloud in the utilization of a hybrid cloud strategy that integrates both private and public clouds. What this entails is a private in-country data center to ensure data security while a public and off-premise cloud will make online information and services readily available to agencies.[8]
  • Security is an important aspect of the EGMP as it ensures the reliability, efficiency, and stability of e-government. This aspect must be adopted in hardware, software, and capability development and training. Trained individuals will be deployed under the Security Operations Center (SOC) and Network Operations Center (NOC) to create an overall security policy and program, formation of approved security policy, and the implementation of at least three different network environments: development, staging, and production.[6]

Shared Services

This component was added in response to the government services limited to specific agencies, with each addressing its own needs despite the possible redundancy of functions across agencies. It was indicated that several services did not interconnect with other agencies that required similar data needs. The most common services requested by government agencies as immediate needs include digitization of files and records, document management, creation of online presence, payment systems, and managing personnel, assets, and resources. The execution and implementation of these shared services is done through the Integrated Government Philippines Project.[6]

E-Government Framework (eGovFrame)

Most issues in ICT systems occur because they were constructed using different computer languages and software. The eGovFrame was made in order to address this issue given that it is a set of consistent computer codes that are meant to be reused by others. It contains a set of rules and code patterns that assist in coding, creating, and reusing ICT systems for consistency and efficiency. It was made with the intention that the government ICT projects would be able to proceed with their independent projects without the need for new software. This will be a collaborative effort between the government, academe, and industry. [6]

Government Common Platform (GCP)

The Government Common Platform is a cloud-based storage for data and information that can be accessed by government agencies. Government agencies can utilize this to enhance efficiency and save on resources through sharing ideas, knowledge, and experiences.[6]

National Government Portal NGP

The National Government Portal is a website that is essentially the gateway for the public to access government information and services. Ideally, government services will be shown as links on a single web page to maximize efficiency and convenience.[6]

E-Government Projects

Several projects have been implemented to pursue the goals set in the EGMP. The National ICT Summit 2013 provided the venue for the unveiling of the main projects namely the Integrated Government Philippines Project (iGovPhil) and the Medium-Term Information and Communication Technology Harmonization Initiative (MITHI).[9]

Integrated Government Philippines (iGovPhil) Project

The iGovPhil Project aims to improve processes in government to provide efficient services to both citizens and businesses. It was launched on June 28, 2012 with a budget of 470 million pesos [10]. It was created based on one of the functions of the DICT which was to ensure the provision of efficient and effective information and communications technology infrastructure, information systems and resources to support efficient, effective, transparent and accountable governance and, in particular, support the speedy and efficient enforcement of rules and delivery of accessible public services to the people.[11] The iGovPhil Project, managed by the DOST-ICTO and DOST-ASTI, was created to provide the necessary infrastructure and software needed for e-governance. This would include the creation of data centers and layout of fiber optic networks to interconnect government offices and provide high-speed communication as well as the online tools, services, and applications for the government agencies’ and citizens’ use.[10]

It was stated that the main purpose of the project is to use and utilize the already developed applications, to install and operate a secure government email system, and to develop common applications and shared services. Its objectives include creating an environment where agencies can exchange data and information seamlessly and securely, creating an environment and aggregating resources for common services and to streamline and integrate business processes for a more effective governance.[10]

Mentioned below are some notable projects of the iGovPhil. [6]

  • Government-Wide Email Service (GovMail) aims to modernize government processes to improve the delivery of goods and services to the public and promote transparency.[29] It also aims to minimize the use of free web-based email services for official government communications. It hopes to increase the credibility of the government’s online identity, especially when communicating with the public.[12] Some projects of the iGovPhil are listed below. It also ensures that users of the system will also be able to collaborate online by sharing tasks, schedule meetings using a central calendar and work on shared files.[13]
  • PhPay is an Internet-based electronic payment facility and gateway that will enable citizens and businesses to remit payments electronically to government agencies. It provides services through various delivery channels, including debit instructions (ATM accounts), credit instructions (credit cards) and mobile wallets (SMS). The PHPay system is designed to be a secure and reliable collection system in which government clients can transfer payments online for government services anytime and anywhere, in hopes of minimizing the need for human contact and eliminating long queues in state offices.[14]
  • Gabay-aral is an online Learning Management System that enables educators in the Philippines to create and distribute online courses with collaboration features. It is currently being used by 20 state universities and four national government agencies.[6]

Medium-Term ICT Harmonization Initiative (MITHI)

The MITHI is tasked on “harmonizing” or ensuring the smooth collaboration between ICT-related resources, programs and projects in all agencies and in all levels of the bureaucracy through interoperability measures.[15] MITHI also addresses agency-specific applications to improve public services transactions in terms of speed and efficiency ). The Department of Budget and Management, or DBM, has allotted up to PHP 4.33 billion to more than 140 projects under MITHI, including but not limited to establishing online services, providing free Internet connection nationwide, particularly in health centers, public schools, libraries, and the like.[16] The main objectives of the MITHI are to ensure a systematic process for the planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of government-wide ICT projects, to ensure the coherence of ICT programs and projects of the Government and its consistency with the five (5) Key Result Areas (KRA) of the Administration as laid out in EO no. 43 and the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 and to promote synergy among government agencies in planning and implementation of on-going and upcoming ICT programs and projects. [17]

Clusters

The clusters under the MITHI as assigned by the MITHI Steering Committee each have their own assigned projects and new clusters may be implemented if deemed necessary. The currently existing clusters are listed below[18]:

  1. Public Financial Management Cluster
  2. Citizen Frontline Services Delivery Cluster
  3. Ease of Doing Business Cluster
  4. Higher Education Cluster
  5. Basic Education Cluster
  6. Health Cluster
  7. Justice, Peace and Order Cluster
  8. Energy
  9. Land and Other Geospatial Information
  10. Disaster Management and Climate Change Cluster
  11. Public Works and Transport Cluster
  12. iGov and Infrastructure Cluster
  13. Transparency and Citizen’s Participation Cluster
  14. Citizen Registry

Future of E-Government

Currently, e-governance is moving towards a more collaborative effort with multiple sectors in the country. The e-government seeks to partner itself further with government agencies, citizens, and the private sector focusing on three key areas:

  • Government-to-government (G2G) services allow government employees from different agencies to administer government services digitally. Individual governments must maintain similar standards in order to function as one under a digital framework. [19].
  • Government-to-business (G2B) services allow the promotion of transparency among businesses. Transparent business models allow better access to market information as well as more suitable business decisions. This results in a more relaxed business environment that encourages more investors and generates more jobs [19].
  • Government-to-citizen (G2C) services aim to deliver online services to the citizens. Easy access to online services and data privacy are also at the core of G2C. A few of these online services are e-education, e-justice, and e-health [19].

E-Science

The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) has begun researching ways to improve Internet access. One of their projects is the Television White Space (TVWS). The research tries to determine the viability of unused TV signals to boost Internet signals instead. Essentially this would provide Internet connectivity for eHealth, eEducation, and other eGovernment services [20]. Another project for the expansion of Internet connectivity in the Philippines is to provide free WiFi in frequently populated areas, including but not limited to: parks, airports, public schools, universities, train stations, city halls, and hospitals [21]

E-Health

The Department of Health (DOH) is the government sector in charge of national development involving the well-being of its citizens. Its functions include the creation of health policies and guidelines, regulation of health services and products, and assistance of local government units with regard to public healthcare [22]. The Department of Health attempts to move towards an online service which all hospitals can use to store the information of the patients [23]. The Philippine Information Health Exchange is tasked with creating a standardized system that hospitals can use to store and exchange medical data while being easily accessible.

Some form of e-health services are already operational in the Philippines. The Department of Health offers basic awareness when it comes to healthcare by providing information on health, prevention, diagnosis, and the like online through libraries and references.[23]. They also use social media to propagate health advisories. The majority of their operations is usually in the form of online communities where users can provide relevant knowledge and experience that is also publicly available online. While not all hospitals are part of an integrated e-health service, there already exists a for of online database that boosts resource transparency with regard to health research [23]

E-Commerce

In line with the government-to-business integration of the e-government the planned e-commerce applications in the Philippines are:

  • e-ticketing/SMS ticketing service are services are often used in booking trips or reservations. It also includes credit cards that can be paid in advance, reloaded, and are refundable that passengers may use to pay for their tickets. E-ticketing services are often implemented by airlines or hotels.
  • Virtual Mall/Online Shop are services that allow customers to purchase items online. The item will then be delivered in a number of days specified by the store. Online stores are used for selling local products globally (e.g adobomall.com, unitop.com, weemall.com etc.).
  • Export/Import Portals are websites used for importing and exporting goods used in e-commerce as well. These services allow goods to and from the Philippines to be requested online. The main goal of the service is to increase Philippine exports in the global market.

E-Agriculture

The Department of Agriculture is the executive department in the Philippines tasked with agricultural and fishery development. The Department of Agriculture has been trying to move towards an ICT linked agriculture and fishery. Besides the actual agriculture, e-agriculture is focused on integrating ICT in rural areas by using it to conceptualize, design, and execute projects related to agriculture[24]

To start off, the Department of Agriculture has started a project with the goal of providing courses on farming and fishing technologies in line with e-agriculture. The Department of Agriculture works with other government agencies and state universities and colleges on providing the necessary subjects [25]

Challenges

E-governance in the Philippines is challenged by differences in the approachability of ICTs. Socio-demographic groups within the Philippines differ in Internet usage patterns as well as familiarity with technology. These disparities present a challenge in the establishment of e-governance. Lack of familiarity is inferred as one of the major reasons as to why users seldom access e-government platforms[26]. Knowledge of e-government services allows citizens basic awareness that the government can be accessed through the Internet. Information provided through the Internet can be presented better in order to facilitate the adoption of e-governance in the Philippines.

Information is a vital part of e-governance. It is essential because most of what the government will be using to provide their services will come from information provided by the users. Security risk is the problem at the core of information based services. The matter of security risk is usually given to the ICT service provider. This is a problem since this means that there is no established system to guard the information of its users.

The cost of creating a sustainable e-government is also a major problem. The private sectors in charge of providing ICT need a relatively higher cost which not all government units can pay. Private sectors have higher costs since they shoulder most of the functions that would make the e-government operational. Even applications available would need a certain budget to be available to all citizens in the country.

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.unapcict.org/ecohub/resources/philippines-national-information-technology-plan-for-the-21st-century-it21|title=Philippines National Information Technology Plan for the 21st Century (IT21) — UN-APCICT|website=www.unapcict.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-16}}
2. ^National Infomation Technology Council. (1997). I.T. Action Agenda for the 21st Century. Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan040896.pdf
3. ^Republic of the Philippines. (2000). Implementing Rules and Regulation of the Electronic Commerce Act. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/ph/ph028en.pdf
4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://dict.gov.ph/introduction-and-overview-of-e-government-in-the-philippines/|title=Introduction and Overview of e-Government in the Philippines|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
5. ^1 2 3 http://i.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/eGovMasterPlan_Final-Version.pdf
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 http://i.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/egmp-2.0-popular-version_final.pdf
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://m.inquirer.net/newsinfo/794101|title=GovNet links 118 gov’t offices in Metro Manila|last=Uy|first=Jocelyn R.|date=July 4, 2017|work=Inquirer}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.ph/web/integrated-government-philippines-program/news/-/asset_publisher/CkCxB4U3kVLk/content/government-to-launch-national-cloud-service|title=Government to launch national cloud service - GOV.PH|website=www.gov.ph|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-10}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dict.gov.ph/e-gov-masterplan-to-fast-track-efficiency-and-transparency-in-government/|title=E-Gov Masterplan to Fast-Track Efficiency and Transparency in Government|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
10. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://dict.gov.ph/major-programs-and-projects/igovphil/|title=iGovPhil|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dict.gov.ph/about-us/functions/|title=Functions|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dict.gov.ph/government-launches-new-email-system/|title=Government Launches New Email System|last=|first=|date=June 17, 2013|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
13. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://dict.gov.ph/how-to-avail-govmail/|title=How to Avail GovMail|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dof.gov.ph/index.php/dof-crafting-phpay-system-for-government-transactions/|title=DOF crafting PHPay system for government transactions|last=|first=|date=March 4, 2018|website=Department of Finance|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
15. ^http://www.dict.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ICTO-Information-Booklet.pdf
16. ^Department of Budget and Management. (2016). 2016 Annual Report. Retrieved from https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Reports/Annual%20Report%202016%20Final.pdf
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dict.gov.ph/major-programs-and-projects/mithi/|title=MITHI|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Information and Communications Technology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mithi.gov.ph/clusters/|title=Clusters|website=mithi.gov.ph|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-23}}
19. ^1 2 "Electronic Government Development & Strategy" https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/MITHI/Philippines%20E-GovMasterPlan_(final%20draft).pdf
20. ^“TV White Space Deployment in PH the Largest in Asia | ICT Office.” Polybius at The Clickto Network, Fox News, web.archive.org/web/20151117024638/http://icto.dost.gov.ph/tv-white-space-deployment-in-ph-the-largest-in-asia/.
21. ^“Faster Internet, Free WiFi among Top Tech Priorities.” Philstar.com, The Philippine Star, www.philstar.com/business/2017/07/27/1722042/faster-internet-free-wifi-among-top-tech-priorities.
22. ^ DOH Profile
23. ^1 2 “Objectives.” Ehealth, ehealth.doh.gov.ph/index.php/phie/overview/50-objectivesofphie.
24. ^Enmain. “What Is E-Agriculture?” Enmain, 9 Dec. 2015, www.enmain.com/agriculture/what-is-e-agriculture/.
25. ^“e-Learning for Agriculture and Fisheries.” ATI in Bicol, ati.da.gov.ph/programs/elearning.
26. ^Urbina A and Abe N. “Citizen-centric Perspective on the Adoption of EGovernment in the Philippines” The Electronic Journal of eGovernment Volume 15 Issue 2 2017, (pp63-83) available online at www.ejeg.com
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