| 词条 | Draft:Pylia (surname) |
| 释义 |
Pilia is the female form of family names like the greeks Pilas, Pilos, Pilon (Pylas, Pylos, Pylon) [7] [8] [9] or their latin variants of Pilius (Pylius) that make the surname a matronymic derivaed from the homonym greek female name.[10][11][12][13] Such surname evokes the grandmother os the legendary greek hero Theseus, due one of the ancients registers of the name Pylia in Greece belongs to mythical genealogy of the queen Pylia from Megara, daughter of the king Pylas and descendent of the god Possidon by her father's line.[14] EtymologyThe word Pylia (in ancient greek Πυλία or ΠΥΛΙΑ ) means “from the door; entrance, door or cave”.[15][16] Origin of the surnameThere is not a unificated concens about the origin of Pylia like a surname, sometimes due translation mistakes and interpretation. [17] The personal name Pylia has been translated for equal as many times as Pylia than Pilia, along the history into the romance idioms, being Pilia more often into the spanish and italian idioms [18] [19] while "Pylia" with the "y" is more frecuenty in latin and english language. [20] Francesco Priscianese in his literary work of "De primi principi della Lingua Latina, ovvero Il Priscianello", Venezia of 1550, writes the surname Pilia o Pylia by equal to refer at the Titus Pomponius Atticu’s wife Cecilia Pilia which would demonstrate that she had a greek family ascendance and not from another nation, despite she had born in Italy. [21] For these modism matters, in Italian language the term Pilia and its derivates, is some times translated like “hairy” giving it a different meaning and origin than in greek culture. [22] Fray Martín Sarmiento in his literary work "Demonstration critic – apologetic of the universal critic teather 1779", [23] analize both variants and its different meanings, either in greek or latin from the word “pilia” in spanish language [24] and this etymologyc is analized in “Classical society and religión in the beatic roman” of Juana Rodriguez Cortes, referring to several liberated persons with a greek origin who were having the surname of Piladis M. Pous translates like “pillar or column” while in its more hellenized registered source the term still conserves the “y” and it’s documented in Spain. This fact along with a rest of an Asclepios statu found in 1974 and conserved in Seville’s museum, in which there is an inscription of Caius Fulvius Piladis, would reinforce the archaeologist Jules Toutain’s theory that the cult of Asclepios was introduced into the Iberian Peninsula by people with a Greco oriental origin. [25] Pylia and its deviants appear in the foundational greek myth of Attic region. Besides the greek origin, other sources like the writer Marcelo Pili, in his book about the language of Sardinia , give the possibility that the surname had a toponymical origin into the roman legions due the throwing weapon that the roman soldiers used, the pilum, being an example of that, the roman procurer Pontius Pilatus who his surname or cognomen sometimes is translated with the title “who is holding the jabaline”, or maybe Pylia’s surname could be a derivate of the possible creator of that weapon, Pilumnus, [26] a citizen of Roma mentionated by Marcus Terencia Varron. Though Pilimnus has a parallel characters into the roman mythology. By other way is the same Marcelo Pili who consigns in his work the expansion of greek micenian people to Sardinia and the influence of those people inside the neuralgic culture. [27] The latin words Pylius and Pylus [28] referre to the different greek cities called Pylos and all about them, receiving their habitants the name of pylios or pylianus [29] [30] while the name written with the “I”, like “pileus” is translated with the term “call at slave people to open in arms” which makes even more confussed its analyse due so many roman liberated women (female slaves left free with their own civil rights) were having the surname of Pylia and at the same time there were liberated women with a remote greek origin with a similar cognomen or surname. [31][32] George Davis Chase in his book “The origin o the roman surnames" brings Pylia in its Pilius variant, a not latin origin and probably it’s from picenios. [33] It’s important to mention that all the suggested latin terms into italian founts indicating a possible toponimical origin of Pylia surname have their parallel into the greek culture with the use of Pylia like a simple name by equal or even in more frecuently number of cases, in more ancient years. In every case either like personal name or family name (surname, cognomen) Pylia appear like a female name or third name. Pilia in greek mythologyIn the greek mythology there are various characters with the name of Pylia in its several variants. The queen Pylia was daughter of king Pylas or Pylon, a king of Megara, from which marriage with Pandion II were born Aegeus, Pallas, Nisso and Lycus. So Pylia is the grandmother of the Atenian’s king Theseus by his father’s ascendence line. [34] [35] [36] Atenian people had followed the cretan habit, that survaived in Carya until the classic period of adaping their mothers names. That custom was left aside in Athens by the concensso of patriarchy, despite that in the argument between Possidon was Atenea who was elected the tutelary goddess of the city. [37] The term "pylia" appears in an integrate way in the name of minoic temple of Anemospilia sited at 15 kilometers of distance from Iraklion in Crete [38], and in the name of another character of greek mythology, Hisispilia (from the higher door). [39] According with Robert Graves in his work “Greek Myths book I” taking in count that either the greek word “pylia”, “pylos” or “pyleous” mean variably “door”, “gate” or “cave” is possible that pylia refers to the main entrance of the underworld, more specifically under the complex term of Telepylo, which means “far away door/gate”, sometimes situated behind the North Wind in the region of “wandering rocs” that is Norwegian icebergs, though in the case of referring about the main gate of Hades or underworld, the more appropriated term would be “pylades” or “Hades door”. Pylades or Pilades at the same time is one of the sons of Orestes. [40] It’s posible too that if the name of the reigion that governed Pandion II and his wife Pylia was in Megara, which its name means “oracular cave” and pylia term is sometimes translated like “door” or “cave”, the entrance or door which refer this term could be the gate or entrance of the oracle itself. [41] [42] Pylo, son of Clesson founded at least two cities under the name of Pylos (Πύλος) being even a third in Elide. Between them, the population disputed which one was the king Nestor’s homeland. According with the myth, one of these cities founded by Pylo had been habituated by king Nestor and leleges coming from Megaride, which capital Megara had been administrated by Pandion II and his wife Pylia. Budeia, daughter of Lyco and grandauther of queen Pylia had a son with Climeno, who was named Pyleo. During the 12nd of Heracles works, which he caught the Cerverous, the greek hero wished to participate in the Eleusis misteries and wear the mirto’s crown. But like only atenian people were allowed to assist and Heracle was fron Tebe, Theseus suggered him to be adopted by a man called Pylio (Pylius). Once Pylio was adopted Heracles, he was iniciated by Museum, a son of Orpheus while Theseus actuated like godfather. [43][44] Also there is other mythological character called Pyleo, son of Leto. Pyleo sometimes appears as a nickname of Hermes and it had a mountain dedicated at its honour in Lesbos island. Expansion of Pylia name further from GreeceThere are not exist specific references about the moment in which the name of Pylia emigrated from Greece to another parts of the world, in special to Italy which is the country with the major amount of persons with this surname. The incursions of greek sailors in italic peninsula are mentioned in various greek myths such Heracles [45], Oddiseus or Eneas between others, even in the Sardinian history is told that the origin of the name of the island, a region where the surname Pylia would have seem consolidated definitely [46], comes from a son of Heracles called Sardus, a military chief of North of Africa, actual Libia, who founded a colony there and later he was venerated under the name of Sardus Father having some monuments in his honour. [47] Iolaus (Yolao) nephew and shielder of Heracles, directed an expedition with tespian and attic soldiers towards Sardian. [48]The migration and foundation of greek colonies in different parts of Europe, Italy among others, could go back in time until so remote periods around the XII and XI centuries BCE.[49] [50] Sardian surname?There are few references about the origin of Pylia surname and its means into Italy. It’s possible that the surname could consolidate specifically in Cagliary, [51] the capital of Sardinia in periods of times after the comercial expansión of Megara between the centuries VIII and VII BCE when that state foundated colonies in Sicily and Orient. [52] Despite some sources have said that Pylia is a traditional sardinian surname, other sources, like the onomastic italian magazine Rion of 2015 [53] doesn’t include this surname among the large list of sardinian toponymic surnames. Even it’s anacronic the possibility of considerate Pylia like an original sardinian surname due the big amount of registers of plebeian people from Rome using that family name during the Roman Empire’s times. In ancient Rome, the Pilia (Pylia) families integrate a recognized Gens. Also it’s posible that Pylia name could reach Sardinian through Sicily because there are a high percentage of sicilian surenames with a greek etimologycal, due doric population founded colonies there at the point that Sicily and some others regions of Italy were called Magna Greece towards 650 BCE. [54] Greek people continued stablished in Italy during the Roman Empire times, and with the greek- albanian population giving great influence of the greek culture to Sicilia. Marco Tulio Cicero used to write letters to a female friend of him called Cecilia Pilia, the wife of Titus Pomponio Atticus. This is one of the earliest registers of Pylia as a surname. [55] Some sources indicated that Cecilia Pilia was daughter of Marcus Pilius, Pileo or Pilio and niece of Quintus Pilius [56] was from Cora, Latina [57]. But due her cognomen or surname was written sometimes either with latin I or y it would suggest that she had a greek ascendence despite she could born in Italy. [58] [59][60] [61] There are an ancient tomb inscription of the II CE referring to a slave woman who once she obtained her freedom and after her marriage with his boss Marcus Pilius Scarpus, she received the name of Pilia Pillae. [https://www2.cnr.edu/home/sas/araia/marriage.html] In ancient letters of idiom and culture from Sardinian, there were surname registers with their variations. One of the oldest able documents is "Elionora's peace" of 1338 which registrated a testimony process which included two brothers called Adria and Adrian Pilio. [62] Later in XVII century it’s mencionated several people called Pilia in some cases of terrain divisions for won pasture like Antioco Pilia and Pilia the Great. [63] Also it was suggested that Pylia could be a derivate of the Sardinian name Pilimu, which in greek language means Priamus, but the Priamus who was alluded wouldn’t be the mythological greek king but a Christian saint called Saint Priamus, patron of Bosa, Sardinia, supposed to be contemporaneous of Nero. [64] [65] [66] But the possibility about the surname Pylia could come from that saint is as anachronic as the possiblity to be a sardinian surname due Pylia/Pilia already existed like family name in Rome at least one century before the supposed life of such saint. [67] The other suggested origin of Pylia surname, the compossed name Pilo Piloni are variant of the term “door” or “gate” into the greek language. Pilio or Pylio are inflections of the name Pelion (in ancient greek idiom Πήλιον and in modern greek Πήλιο) and both of them evocate to a mountanious massif of Thessaly (Greece) though it’s the male name of Pylia. Pylia in other mediaPylia is one of the female characters in the novel “The King must die” and “The bull from the sea” both of them from the writer Mary Renault, bassed in Theseus myth. Also there is a priestess called Pylia in the book “Troy, the thunder’s shield” of David Gemmel. Other female character with Pylia’s name appears in the Francine Rivers novel “As true as the sunrise”. In the Christopher Marlowe's book “The jew of Malta” Pylia is one of the male characters. Into Sardinian literature Egidio Pilia (1888-1938) pubished during the decade of 1920 several works, some of them about Sardinia like “Sardinian text” and “Sardinian autonomy”. [68] See also
External linkshttps://www2.cnr.edu/home/sas/araia/marriage.html References |
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