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| 释义 |
| official_name = Zulia State | native_name = Estado Zulia | native_name_lang = es | settlement_type = State of Venezuela | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Zulia State.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escudo_Estado_Zulia.png | shield_size = {{#if: |{{{coa_size}}}px|75px}} | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_alt = | nickname = | national anthem = | motto = | anthem = Sobre Palmas | image_map = Zulia in Venezuela.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within Venezuela | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|9.84|-72.25|region:VE_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Venezuela | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = {{#if: 1864 | Created }} | established_date = 1864 | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = Capital | seat = Maracaibo | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Omar Prieto {{#if:2017|(2017{{#if:present|–present}})}} | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 50230 | area_rank = 5th | area_note = 6.92% of Venezuela | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 5,125,579 | population_as_of = {{#if: | {{{year_estimate}}} est.| 2017 estimate }} | population_rank = 1st | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = 18.29% of Venezuela | timezone1 = 00 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = VE-V | blank_name_sec1 = Emblematic tree | blank_info_sec1 = Coconut {{nowrap|(Cocos nucifera)}} | website = {{#if:https://web.archive.org/web/20080612071201/http://www.gobernaciondelzulia.gov.ve:80/ | {{url|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612071201/http://www.gobernaciondelzulia.gov.ve:80/}} }} | footnotes = }} Zulia State ({{lang-es|Estado Zulia}}, {{IPA-es|esˈtaðo ˈsulja|IPA}}) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. As of the 2011 census, it has a population of 3,704,404, the largest population among Venezuela's states. It is also one of the few states (if not the only one) in Venezuela in which voseo (the use of vos as a second person singular pronoun) is widely used. Zulia State is in northwestern Venezuela, bordering Lake Maracaibo, the largest body of water of its kind in Latin America. Its basin covers one of the largest oil and gas reserves in the Western Hemisphere. Zulia is economically important to the country from its oil and mineral exploitation, but it is also one of the major agricultural areas of Venezuela, highlighting the region's contribution in areas such as livestock, bananas, fruits, meat, and milk. The state is coterminous with the eponymous region of Zulia. GeographyThe Lake Maracaibo Basin covers the large to the north and west, from the Guajira Peninsula to the Perijá Mountains. Venezuela's Andean states of Táchira, Mérida and Trujillo border Zulia State at the southern end of Lake Maracaibo. The name Venezuela comes from the lake. When Spanish conquistadors sailed into the area, they found the indigenous peoples living in communities of huts supported by stilts along the shores of the lake. They were reminded of Venice and named the place "Little Venice" or Venezuela.[1] The lake has a number of islands, some of which are populated. Near the mouth of the Catatumbo River, where it empties into Lake Maracaibo, is the famous Catatumbo lightning (Relámpago del Catatumbo)[2] which is represented on the state's flag and coat of arms by lightning bolts. Toponymy{{unreferenced section|date=January 2013}}There are several competing theories about the origin of the state's name. One is that Guaimaral, son of the cacique Mara, was on pilgrimage in the Pamplona region, where he fell in love with the beautiful Zulia, but she was killed in a battle against the conquerors. Gaimaral sadly returned to his father's domains, naming rivers, towns and regions for his lost love there is little historical proof, but that is the most popular theory. Alternatively, it had been said that the state was named after the Zulia River, known in Colombia as Batatas, which leads into the Catatumbo River. Another story says that both names, river and state, came from the princess Zulia, daughter of a famous cacique Cinera. He was an important leader of a tribal federation located in what is now Colombia's Norte de Santander Department, and the princess Zulia was well known for her physical and moral qualities, formidable temper, and bravery. HistoryZulia was first seen by Europeans in 1499 during an expedition commanded by Alonso de Ojeda. During the Spanish colonial period, its lands were part of the Venezuela Province until 1676, when its lands were added to the Province of Mérida del Espiritu Santo de la Grita,[3] becoming the province Espiritu Santo de Maracaibo, or Maracaibo Province.[4] In 1789, the province covered the territory of the current Venezuelan states of Zulia, Apure, Barinas, Táchira, Mérida and Trujillo. In 1810, Mérida and Trujillo were separated as new provinces. The Zulia Province declared independence from Spain on January 28, 1821. During the Gran Colombia period in 1824, it received the name of "Zulia Department", honoring the Zulia River. With the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830, it was named Maracaibo Province and was one of the 11 provinces of Venezuela. Venezuela's federal constitution, April 22, 1864, changed the denomination of "province" to "state", creating the State of Maracaibo on the same territory as the province. At the end of the same year, the state's legislation determined to change the name to the Sovereign State of Zulia, but that lasted only a few months.[5] In 1874, its name again became Zulia State. Federal government orders in 1881 created the combined Falcón Zulia state. Its autonomous state status continued until April 1, 1890, when congress legislated the separation of the Falcon-Zulia State. It suffered further territorial changes towards the end of the 19th century, until the current delimitation in 1899 was finally drawn. Since that time the name has remained Estado Zulia. ClimateIn the northern sector a semi-arid climate prevails, with an irregular pluviometric regime. The annual medial precipitation registered in Maracaibo city is between {{convert|358|and|665.99|mm|in|abbr=on}}, with a median temperature of {{convert|28|°C|°F}}. The precipitation rates increase in the western and eastern regions of Lake Maracaibo, forming a tropical rain forest savanna climate, with annual average temperatures from 27°C to 28°C, and rainfall exceeding {{convert|1000|mm|in|abbr=on}} registered in Mene Grande. In the southern lake region, increased rainfall conforms to a tropical rain forest climate with an annual average precipitation of 2,556 mm, and surpassing 3,500 mm per year in the heights of Serrania de Perija.[6] Municipalities and municipal seatsZulia is divided into 21 municipalities (municipios):
PopulationRace and ethnicityThe demonym for the people of the Zulia region is Zulians. According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was:[7]
SportsThe state is home to the Gaiteros del Zulia, 4-time Champion of the Liga Profesional de Baloncesto, Venezuela's top professional basketball league. The team plays its home games at the Gimnasio Pedro Elías Belisario Aponte in Maracaibo. References{{commons category|Zulia (state)|Zulia}}1. ^{{cite book|title=One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost|year=2008|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520255609|editor=Peter K. Austin|page=213}} 2. ^{{cite news|last=Foer|first=Joshua|title=An Everlasting Lightning Storm|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/world_of_wonders/2011/02/an_everlasting_lightning_storm.html|accessdate=3 January 2013|newspaper=Slate|date=February 8, 2011}} 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA406&lpg=PA406&dq=Province+of+Merida+del+Espiritu+Santo+de+la+Grita&source=bl&ots=D0GsQ6pfn4&sig=5DI9cN99lPCe3d_VrMpGk-6_hbk&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=resultHistorical Dictionary of European Imperialism] 4. ^{{es}} Venezuela Barinas supreme court Historic references 5. ^{{es}} Dr. Ernesto Garcia McGregor, Government of Zulia, History of the Zulia state {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911071944/http://www.gobernaciondelzulia.gov.ve:80//lista2.asp?sec=120100 |date=September 11, 2008 }} 6. ^Venezuela's Gobierno en Linea web page -Perfil Zulia {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911200941/http://www.gobiernoenlinea.ve/venezuela/perfil_zulia.html |date=September 11, 2008 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|title=Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 (Mayo 2014)|page=29|publisher=Ine.gov.ve|accessdate=8 September 2015}} {{Administrative divisions of Venezuela}}{{Authority control}} 4 : Zulia|States of Venezuela|States and territories established in 1864|1864 establishments in Venezuela |
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