| 词条 | Zweibrücken |
| 释义 |
|type = Town |image_photo = Zweibrücken castle front April 2010 darker.jpg |image_caption = Zweibrücken Castle |image_coa = Wappen Zweibrücken.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|15|N|7|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = Rheinland-Pfalz |district = Kreisfreie Stadt |elevation = 300 |area = 70.64 |population = 34842 |Stand = 2006-12-31 |postal_code = 66482 |area_code = 06332 |licence = ZW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 20 000 |website = [https://www.zweibruecken.de/ www.zweibruecken.de] |mayor = Marold Wosnitza |party = SPD }} Zweibrücken ({{IPA-de|ˈt͡svaɪˌbʁʏkn̩}}, {{lang-fr|Deux-Ponts}} {{IPAc-fr|d|eu^|p|on}}, Palatinate German: Zweebrigge {{IPA|[ˈd͡sʋeːbʁɪgə]}}) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach river. NameThe name Zweibrücken means 'two bridges'. Older forms of the name include Middle High German Zweinbrücken, Latin Geminus Pons and Bipontum, and French Deux-Ponts, all with the same meaning.[1] HistoryThe town was the capital of the former Imperial State of Palatinate-Zweibrücken owned by the House of Wittelsbach. The ducal castle is now occupied by the high court of the Palatinate (Oberlandesgericht).[1] There is a fine Gothic Protestant church, Alexander's church, founded in 1493 and rebuilt in 1955. From the end of the 12th century, Zweibrücken was the seat of the County of Zweibrücken, the counts being descended from Henry I, youngest son of Simon I, Count of Saarbrücken (d. 1182). The line became extinct on the death of Count Eberhard II (1394), who in 1385 had sold half his territory to the Count Palatine of the Rhine, and held the other half as his feudal domain. Louis (d. 1489), son of Stephen, founded the line of the counts palatine of Zweibrücken (Palatinate-Zweibrücken).[1] In 1533, the count palatine converted Palatinate-Zweibrücken to the new Protestant faith. In 1559, a member of the line, Duke Wolfgang, founded the earliest grammar school in the town (Herzog-Wolfgang-Gymnasium), which lasted until 1987. When Charles X Gustav, the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, succeeded his cousin, Queen Christina of Sweden, on the Swedish throne, Palatinate-Zweibrücken was in personal union with Sweden, a situation that lasted until 1718. Starting in 1680, Louis XIV's Chambers of Reunion awarded Zweibruecken and other localities to France, but under the 1697 Treaty of Rijswijk, "The Duchy of Zweibruecken was restored to the King of Sweden, as Count Palatine of the Rhine."[2] In 1731, Palatinate-Zweibrücken passed to the Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken branch of the counts palatine, from where it came under the sway of Bavaria in 1799. It was occupied by France in 1793 and on 4 November 1797, Zweibrücken became a canton centre in department of Mont Tonnerre. At the Peace of Lunéville in 1801, the French annexation of Zweibrücken was confirmed; on its reunion with Germany in 1814 the greater part of the territory was given to Bavaria, the remainder to Oldenburg and Kingdom of Prussia.[1] The town of Zweibrücken became part of the Palatine region of the Kingdom of Bavaria. At the ducal printing office at Zweibrücken the fine series of the classical editions known as the Bipontine Editions was published (1779 sqq.).[1] The last prominent social event before the First World War was the inauguration of the Rosengarten (rose garden) by Princess Hildegard of Bavaria in June 1914. As a consequence of the First World War, Zweibrücken was occupied by French troops between 1918 and 1930. In the course of the Kristallnacht in 1938, Zweibrücken's synagogue was destroyed. On the outbreak of the Second World War the town was evacuated in 1939-1940, as it lay in the ‘Red Zone’ on the fortified Siegfried Line. Shortly before the end of the war, on 14 March 1945, the town was nearly completely destroyed in an air raid by the Royal Canadian Air Force, with the loss of more than 200 lives. On 20 March, American ground troops reached Zweibrücken. The town became part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate after the war. In 1993, the town underwent a major change. With the departure of the Americans, the military area became free, which corresponded altogether to a third of the entire urban area. Unemployment increased to approximately 21%, leading to a decrease in demand in the retail trade of approximately 25%. Mayors and Lord Mayors
EconomyWeaving, brewing and the manufacture of machinery, chicory, cigars, malt, boots, furniture and soap were the chief industries before World War II. Nowadays Terex cranes and bulldozers and John Deere harvesting equipment are the chief industries. The Hochschule Kaiserslautern , one of the largest universities in the Rhineland-Palatinate, with more than 6,000 students is also located in Zweibrücken. Zweibrücken Air BaseOn the outskirts of the town, Zweibrücken Air Base was for many years home to U.S. airmen and their families. Prior to being a USAFE base, the base was operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force. It was known as #3 Fighter Wing, part of #1 Canadian Air Division with headquarters in Metz, France. During the years 1953 to 1968, it was the home to 413, 427 and 434 Fighter Squadrons flying F-86 Sabre jets, and 440 Squadron, which flew the CF-100 Canuck, then the CF-104 Starfighter. The RF-4C was stationed at Zweibruecken AB from the 1970s to 1991 under the 38th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron of the 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing. These were photo-reconnaissance aircraft with missions all over Europe and used in Desert Storm. The Short C-23 Sherpa, a small prop-driven transport plane, also flew out of the base in the 1980s under the 10th Military Airlift Squadron, a tenant Military Airlift Command unit. The squadron's mission was to deliver high-priority aircraft parts to bases in USAFE to ensure a maximum number of aircraft were combat-ready. Today Zweibrücken Air Base has been transformed into the modern Zweibrücken Airport [https://web.archive.org/web/20070112132000/http://www.flughafen-zweibruecken.de/], an international airport with flights to Palma de Mallorca, Antalya, Gran Canaria, Teneriffe, Rhodos, Heraklion and Fuerteventura (TUIfly), Istanbul (Pegasus Airlines) On the other side of the town was Kreuzberg Kaserne, home to various units of the United States Army. Only one combat unit was located there: Battery A, 2nd Battalion, 60th Air Defense Artillery, with its Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) at Ramstein Air Base. The 3d Battalion, 60th ADA was a subordinate unit of the 32nd Army Air Defense Command. Major tenants at Kreuzberg Kaserne were USAISEC-EUR (Information Systems Engineering Command - Europe) and the USA MATCOMEUR (Material Command, Europe), later renamed the US Army Material Management Agency, Europe. TransportationZweibrücken is situated at the Landau-Rohrbach railway and offets hourly connections to Saarbrücken. ClimateClimate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).[3] {{Weather box|location = Zweibrücken |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high F = 37 |Feb high F = 39 |Mar high F = 48 |Apr high F = 53 |May high F = 63 |Jun high F = 68 |Jul high F = 72 |Aug high F = 72 |Sep high F = 66 |Oct high F = 56 |Nov high F = 45 |Dec high F = 39 |year high F = 55 |Jan low F = 31 |Feb low F = 30 |Mar low F = 36 |Apr low F = 40 |May low F = 47 |Jun low F = 53 |Jul low F = 57 |Aug low F = 56 |Sep low F = 51 |Oct low F = 45 |Nov low F = 37 |Dec low F = 33 |year low F = 43 |Jan precipitation days = 21 |Feb precipitation days = 16 |Mar precipitation days = 19 |Apr precipitation days = 15 |May precipitation days = 16 |Jun precipitation days = 16 |Jul precipitation days= 13 |Aug precipitation days = 12 |Sep precipitation days = 13 |Oct precipitation days = 16 |Nov precipitation days = 17 |Dec precipitation days = 20 |year precipitation days = 194 |source 1 = Weatherbase [4] |date=July 2013 }} Twin towns
Famous inhabitants
Personalities who have worked on site
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 {{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Zweibrücken|volume=28|pages=1060-1061}} 2. ^Crane Brinton, "France", in William L. Langer, ed., (1948), An Encyclopedia of World History, Rev. Edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 443-445. 3. ^Climate Summary for Zweibrücken 4. ^{{cite web|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=41701&cityname=Zweibrucken-|publisher=Weatherbase|title=Weatherbase.com|year=2013}}Retrieved on July 6, 2013. Further reading
External links
2 : Zweibrücken|Palatinate (region) |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。