| 词条 | Â | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
}} Â, â (a-circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Old Malay, Romanian, and Vietnamese alphabets. This letter also appears in French, Friulian, Frisian, Portuguese, Turkish, Walloon, and Welsh languages as a variant of letter “a”. Berber languages"â" can be used in Berber Latin alphabet to represent {{IPAblink|ʕ}}. Emilian-Romagnol is used to represent [aː] in Emilian dialects, as in Bolognese câna [kaːna] "cane". FaroeseJohan Henrik Schrøter, who translated the Gospel of Matthew into Faroese in 1823, used â to denote a non-syllabic a, as in the following example:
 is not used in modern Faroese, however. French{{angbr|â}}, in the French language, is used as the letter {{angbr|a}} with a circumflex accent. It is a remnant of Old French, where the vowel was followed, with some exceptions, by the consonant {{angbr|s}}. For example, the modern form bâton ({{lang-en|stick}}) comes from the Old French baston. Phonetically, {{angbr|â}} is traditionally pronounced as {{IPAslink|ɑ}}, but is nowadays rarely distinguished from "a" {{IPAslink|a}} in many dialects, such as in Parisian French.In Maghreb French, {{angbr|â}} is used to transcribe the Arabic consonant {{angbr|ع}} {{IPAslink|ʕ}}, whose pronunciation is close to a non-syllabic {{IPA|[ɑ̯]}}. Friulian is used to represent the {{IPA|/ɑː/}} sound. Inari Sami is used to represent the {{IPAslink|ɐ}} sound. Italian occasionally used to represent the sound {{IPAslink|aː}} in words like amârono (they loved). PortugueseIn Portuguese, â is used to mark a stressed {{IPAslink|ɐ}} in words whose stressed syllable is in an unpredictable location within the word, as in "lâmina" (blade) and "râguebi" (rugby). Where the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, the circumflex accent is not used.  {{IPAslink|ɐ}} contrasts with á, pronounced {{IPAslink|a}}. Romanian is the 3rd letter of the Romanian alphabet and represents {{IPA|/ɨ/}}, which is also represented in Romanian as letter î. The difference between the two is that â is used in the middle of the word, as in "România", while î is used at the beginning : "înțelegere" (understanding). A compound word starting with the letter î will retain it, even if it goes in the middle of the word: "neînțelegere" (mis-understanding). Russian is used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Russian transliteration as the letter Я. Serbo-CroatianIn all standard varieties of Serbo-Croatian, "â" is not a letter but simply an "a" with the circumflex that denotes vowel length. It is used only occasionally and then disambiguates homographs, which differ only by syllable length. That is most common in the plural genitive case and so it is also called "genitive sign": "Ja sam sâm" ({{lang-en|I am alone}}). Turkish is used to indicate the consonant before "a" is palatalized, as in "istiklâl" (independence). It is also used to indicate {{IPA|/aː/}} in words for which the long vowel changes the meaning, as in "adet" (pieces) and "âdet" (tradition) / "hala" (aunt) and "hâlâ" (still). Vietnamese is the 3rd letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents {{IPA|/ɜ/}}. In Vietnamese phonology, diacritics can be added to form five forms to represent five tones of â:
UkrainianMuch like in Russian, Â is used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Ukrainian transliteration as the letter Я. WelshIn Welsh, â is used to represent long stressed a {{IPA-cy|aː|}} when, without the circumflex, the vowel would be pronounced as short {{IPA-cy|a|}}, e.g., âr {{IPA-cy|aːr|}} "arable", as opposed to ar {{IPA-cy|ar|}} "on", or gwâr {{IPA-cy|ɡwaːr|}} "civilised, humane", rather than gwar {{IPA-cy|ɡwar|}} "nape of the neck". It is often found in final syllables in which the letters occur twice a and combine to produce a long stressed vowel. That commonly happens when a verb stem ending in stressed a combines with the nominalising suffix -ad, as in cantiata- + -ad giving caniatâd {{IPA-cy|kanjaˈtaːd|}} "permission", and also when a singular noun ending in a receives the plural suffix -au, as in drama + -au becoming dramâu {{IPA-cy|draˈmaɨ, draˈmai|}} "dramas, plays". It is also useful in writing borrowed words with final stress, e.g. brigâd {{IPA-cy|brɪˈɡaːd|}} "brigade". A circumflex is also used in the word â, which is both a preposition, meaning "with, by means of, as", and the third person non-past singular of the verbal noun mynd "go". That distinguishes it in writing from the similarly-pronounced a, meaning "and; whether; who, which, that". Character mappings{{charmap| 00C2 | name1 = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX | 00E2 | name2 = LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX | map1 = ISO 8859-1/2/3/4/9/10/14/15/16 | map1char1 = C2 | map1char2 = E2 | map2 = EBCDIC | map2char1 = 62 | map2char2 = 42 }} Windows Alt Key Codesâ=Alt+0226 Â=0194
TeX and LaTeXÂ and â are obtained by the commands \\^A and \\^a. See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/accents/codealt.html|title=Windows Alt Key Codes|last=Pyatt|first=Elizabeth J.|website=symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu|access-date=2016-11-04}} {{DEFAULTSORT:A}} 2 : Specific letter-diacritic combinations|Romanian language |
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