| 词条 | Draft:SWaCH |
| 释义 |
| logo = C:\\Users\\Bhallas\\Documents\\1 SWM Research\\01 Wiki Articles\\SWaCH Pune\\swach-ahigherlevelofselfreliance | motto = A higher level of self-reliance | predecessor = Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchayat (KKPKP) | formation = 2008 | type = Cooperative | services = Municipal solid waste management | founding_location = Pune | website = https://swachcoop.com }} SWaCH (or Solid Waste Collection and Handling) is an autonomous cooperative of self-employed waste pickers based in Pune, India. It is India's first worker owned waste picker's cooperative[1] and is considered as a successful example of a pro-poor public private partnership. SWaCH has over 3,000 members (about 80% women) who collect waste from 600,000 homes in the city and recycle more than 50,000 tonnes of waste per year.[2] The cooperative has a contract with the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) whereby it is responsible for collecting about 850 tonnes of MSW each day from households in Pune. The name of the cooperative is a play on words as Swach in Hindi means clean. History of SWaCHFormation of KKPKPThe parent organization of SWaCH - Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchayat (KKPKP) was formed in 1993. KKPKP is a membership-based trade union formed by waste pickers and itinerant waste buyers in Pune. Prior to 1993 waste pickers had no voice or representation. They were seen as thieves and scavengers, and were consequently looked upon with distrust.[3] The public considered them to be unclean disease carriers and as they often emptied out bins to search for recyclables, they were seen as a driver of spreading waste and making the city dirty. The clash between waste pickers and the public reached a point where the waste pickers took to the streets asserting their right to the city's waste. Their campaign slogan: Kachra amchya malkicha, nahi kunachya bapacha or We own the waste, it does not belong to anybody’s fatherShortly after this demonstration in 1993 KKPKP was formed.[4] Once KKPKP was formed, the union focused on creating public awareness regarding the value waste pickers provided to MSW management in the city, while providing recognition and dignity of labor to it's members. The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) recognized the value of KKPKP at the onset. KKPKP members were provided government issued identity cards and with it a formal job status and respectability.[5] The PMC also set up a materials recovery facility and provided space for a cooperative scrap trading store. KKPKP members received health insurance under the central government's [https://www.pmjay.gov.in/ Jan Arogya] scheme and were also given access to life insurance schemes, interest-free loans and educational support for their children.[6] The operating model at this time was a user-fee based model. Here KKPKP would charge a household or a building society a monthly fee and in return ensure prompt door to door collection of their household waste. [7] Soon KKPKP started receiving public recognition from politicians. Positive coverage from local media resulted in greater appreciation from Pune's citizen's. Private contractors started partnering with KKPKP as they saw it as a lucrative opportunity, this resulted in a perception improvement of waste pickers and they were now being viewed as resilient, dynamic entrepreneurs. [8] KKPKP - SNDT University Pilot StudyIn 2006 the PMC launched a pilot study with KKPKP and the SNDT Women's University.[9] The Department of Adult Education at the University along with KKPKP helped 1,500 female waste pickers become service providers for the door to door collection of waste from 125,000 households. The pilot study lasted almost two years and was successful both in terms of upgrading the lives of the waste pickers as well as improving the waste collection services that the households received. Following this success, KKPKP and the PMC agreed to expand the pilot to a wider area of the city and SWaCH was created. Formation of SWaCHIn 2008 the PMC signed a five year agreement with SWaCH (which was most recently renewed in 2016), for the decentralized door-to-door collection of waste from households, shops, offices and small commercial establishments.[10] SWaCH CooperativeThe success of the KKPKP - SNDT University pilot study led to the formation of SWaCH, with a subset of the KKPKP members forming the new cooperative. PMC recognized the value that SWaCH would bring to their MSW management operations and consequently provided it with an annual grant of INR 17 Million for five years in order to ensure it's profitability. [11] SWaCH OrganizationThe SWaCH cooperative by-laws require 75% (three out of four) of it's members to be women as well as 67% (two out of three) of it's governing board members to be women. As of December 2016 the organization had 2,688 waste pickers of which 78% were female.[12] Waste picker members pay the organization 5% of their earnings, as a membership fee. About half of the members have been paying this fee on a regular basis. The organization has also branched out with an arm called SWaCH Plus. SWaCH Plus focuses on waste management activities that go beyond door to door MSW collection e.g. composting, e-waste collection & disposal, awareness raising events, V collect (used clothes collection and re-sale) etc. [13] SWaCH Operations [14]The waste pickers work in teams of two and collect waste using push carts. Each team is given a daily route of 200-400 households, depending on the population density of the area. For this work the waste pickers receive a monthly salary and in addition make a supplemental income from selling the recyclables that they collect. On average the women work 4 hours per day and have a day off per week. A part of the SWaCH team are fee-collectors that collect user fees of INR 10-40/month from each household, office or shop. The PMC subsidizes the householder monthly fees in slum areas by INR 5/month. In addition to the PMC contract with set municipal routes, SWaCH collectors also enter into private service contracts with building societies or resident welfare associations. The supervisors & coordinators at SWaCH are mostly women who have received some education and are able to perform basic accounting and managerial functions. The organization has an absenteeism rate of under 3%. SWaCH Impact [15]At the end of 2016, SWaCH collected waste from 540,732 entities (households or offices or shops) everyday. It's waste pickers handled 865 tonnes of MSW per day of which 170 tonnes per day was recycled and 190 tonnes per day was sent for composting. For the year 2016, the 2,688 SWaCH waste pickers helped save the PMC INR 450 Million in salaries and INR 60 Million in MSW collection, transport and processing costs. In terms of environmental impact, by recycling over 50,000 tonnes of MSW in 2016 SWaCH offset green house gas emissions by 130,000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. It saved 350,000 trees with the amount of paper it recycled. And in total avoided the consumption of 55 Million liters of petrol. AwardsUnited Nations Climate and Clean Air Awards 2018 - Award for Innovative Policy (Pune Municipal Corporation awarded for partnership with SWaCH) [16] Ministry of Urban Development New Delhi Indo-San Awards 2016 - Indo-San Award (Received jointly with Pune Municipal Corporation) [17] India Today Safaigiri Awards 2016 - Garbage Guru Award [18] Citibank Citi Micro Enterprise Awards 2013 - Community Micro Enterprise of the Year Award and Best Urban Community Micro Enterprise Award [19] SKOCH Order of Merit Award 2013 - Award for Integrating Informal Sector into MSW Management (Pune Municipal Corporation awarded for partnership with SWaCH) [20] Maharashtra State Pollution Control Board 2013 - Short Film Award [21] ICON SWM Awards 2012 - Award for excellence in SWM [22] JCB Clean Earth Award - Jointly awarded to Pune Municipal Corporation and SWaCH [23] {{AFC submission|||ts=20190405100338|u=Swmwash|ns=2}} |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。