| 词条 | Çankırı |
| 释义 |
| name = Çankırı |settlement_type = City & Municipality | image_skyline = Çankırı (Kaleden).jpg | image_caption = | image_shield = | pushpin_map = Turkey | coordinates = {{coord|40|36|00|N|33|37|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Turkey | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Çankırı | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | leader_party = AKP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = İrfan Dinç | leader_title1 = Kaymakam | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}} | area_blank1_title = District | area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Çankırı|Çankırı}} | elevation_m = 800 | population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Çankırı}} | population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Çankırı|Çankırı|şehir}} | population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}} | population_blank1_title = District | population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Çankırı|Çankırı|toplam}} | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | website = {{URL| www.cankiri.bel.tr | www.cankiri.bel.tr }} }} Çankırı is the capital city of Çankırı Province, in Turkey, about {{convert|140|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} northeast of Ankara. It is situated about 800 m (2500 ft) above sea level. HistoryÇankırı was known in antiquity as Gangra ({{lang-el|Γάγγρα}}), and later Germanicopolis ({{lang-el|Γερμανικόπολις}}). The city has also been known as Changra, Kandari or Kanghari Α town of Paphlagonia that appears to have been once the capital of Paphlagonia and a princely residence, for it is known from Strabo that Deiotarus Philadelphus (before 31 BC–5/6 AD), the last king of Paphlagonia, resided there.[1] Notwithstanding this, Strabo describes it as only “a small town and a garrison.” According to 1st century BC writer Alexander the Polyhistor[2] the town was built by a goat herder who had found one of his goats straying there; but this origin is probably a mere philological speculation as gangra signifies “a goat” in the Paphlagonian language. Gangra, was absorbed into the Roman province of Galatia upon the death of Deiotarus in 6/5 BC. The earlier town was built on the hill behind the modern city, on which are the ruins of a late fortress, while the Roman city occupied the site of the modern city. In the writings of the 2nd century AD Greco-Roman writer Ptolemy, the city is referred to as Germanopolis (Greek: {{lang|grc|Γερμανόπολις}}).[3][4] It was named Germanicopolis, after Germanicus or possibly the emperor Claudius, until the time of Caracalla. In Christian times, Gangra was the metropolitan see of Paphlagonia. Hypatios, bishop of Gangra, is considered a saint in the Orthodox Christian tradition. He was killed by Arians on his return from the Council of Nicaea (325 AD), in which he took part. In the 4th century, the town was the scene of an important ecclesiastical synod, the Synod of Gangra. There is disagreement about the date of the synod, with dates varying from AD 341 to 376. The synodal letter states that twenty-one bishops assembled to take action concerning Eustathius of Sebaste[5] and his followers. The Synod issued twenty canons known as the Canons of Gangra; these were declared ecumenical by the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Over the centuries the settlement witnessed the hegemony of many cultures and races, such as Hittites, Persians, Ancient Greeks, Parthians, Pontic Greeks, Galatians, Romans, Byzantine Greeks, up to the Seljuks and finally the Ottoman Turks. Traces from its long past are still visible throughout the city. The continuity of the city's name from ancient times across languages is of note: Hangara for the Arabs, Gagra for the Jews and Tzungra or Kângıri or Çankıri for the Turks. In the early stages of the Armenian Genocide, Many Armenian notables were killed or sent here, including Komitas, Ruben Sevak, and Daniel Varoujan,. ClimateÇankırı has a dry summer continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dsa and Dsb) with humid continental climate (Dfa and Dfb) characteristics, since the wettest part of the year is spring and early summer. The province displays all four of these continental climate subtypes depending on location and elevation. The city is located in a transitional region of the province. Summers are usually hot and dry and winters are cold and snowy. {{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Çankırı|Jan record high C= 15.4 |Feb record high C= 19.2 |Mar record high C= 27.8 |Apr record high C= 30.6 |May record high C= 34.8 |Jun record high C= 39.6 |Jul record high C= 42.4 |Aug record high C= 41.2 |Sep record high C= 37.8 |Oct record high C= 34.2 |Nov record high C= 24.4 |Dec record high C= 17.6 |Jan high C= 3.4 |Feb high C= 5.8 |Mar high C= 11.9 |Apr high C= 17.7 |May high C= 22.7 |Jun high C= 27.1 |Jul high C= 30.9 |Aug high C= 30.9 |Sep high C= 26.6 |Oct high C= 20.1 |Nov high C= 12.0 |Dec high C= 5.6 |Jan mean C= -0.6 |Feb mean C= 0.9 |Mar mean C= 5.6 |Apr mean C= 11.0 |May mean C= 15.7 |Jun mean C= 19.8 |Jul mean C= 23.0 |Aug mean C= 22.4 |Sep mean C= 17.6 |Oct mean C= 11.9 |Nov mean C= 5.6 |Dec mean C= 1.6 |Jan low C= -4.2 |Feb low C= -3.3 |Mar low C= -0.2 |Apr low C= 4.5 |May low C= 8.4 |Jun low C= 11.7 |Jul low C= 14.1 |Aug low C= 13.7 |Sep low C= 9.4 |Oct low C= 5.2 |Nov low C= 0.6 |Dec low C= -1.9 |Jan record low C= -24.0 |Feb record low C= -23.9 |Mar record low C= -20.5 |Apr record low C= -8.9 |May record low C= -3.0 |Jun record low C= 1.6 |Jul record low C= 4.3 |Aug record low C= 4.6 |Sep record low C= -1.0 |Oct record low C= -6.3 |Nov record low C= -11.6 |Dec record low C= -18.8 |Jan precipitation mm = 42.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 34..5 |Mar precipitation mm = 36.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 46.4 |May precipitation mm = 54.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 38.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 18.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 17.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 16.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 27.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 26.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 47.9 |Jan rain days= 11.2 |Feb rain days= 9.4 |Mar rain days= 8.9 |Apr rain days= 12.0 |May rain days= 13.1 |Jun rain days= 10.0 |Jul rain days= 5.0 |Aug rain days= 4.0 |Sep rain days= 4.6 |Oct rain days= 7.2 |Nov rain days= 8.1 |Dec rain days= 10.5 |Jan sun= 62 |Feb sun= 92.4 |Mar sun= 158.1 |Apr sun= 177 |May sun= 241.8 |Jun sun= 282 |Jul sun= 322.4 |Aug sun= 306.9 |Sep sun= 252 |Oct sun= 182.9 |Nov sun= 108 |Dec sun= 52.7 |source 1= Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü[6] |date= March 2011 }} EconomyAgricultureVarious agricultural produce, including wheat, corn, beans, and apples is grown in the farms and fields. IndustryMost industry is concentrated near the Çankırı city center and the town of Korgun. Other towns included in the larger industrial area of the city are Şabanözü, Çerkeş, Ilgaz, Kurşunlu, and Yapraklı. See also
References
1. ^Strab. xii. p.564; comp. Liv. 38.26. 2. ^Smith, W., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. 3, s.v. "Stephanus" of Byzantium. 3. ^Ptol., Geo. v. 4. § 5, but also “"Gangra (Byzantium)" 4. ^Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor http://www.ehw.gr/asiaminor/forms/filePage.aspx?lemmaId=7515 5. ^{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Eustathius of Sebaste}} 6. ^http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=CANKIRI Further reading{{Wikivoyage}}{{commons category|Çankırı}}
5 : Paphlagonia|Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey|Roman towns and cities in Turkey|Çankırı|Districts of Çankırı Province |
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