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词条 Draft:University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology
释义

  1. History

     Foundation (1837-1922)  Establishment and Early Years (1922-1944)  Under the Leadership of James B. Griffin (1944-1975)  Modern Era (1975-Present) 

  2. Graduate Student Training

  3. Current Research

  4. Notable alumni

  5. References

{{AFC submission|d|npov|u=Timeverhart|ns=118|decliner=AngusWOOF|declinets=20181215175437|reason2=context|ts=20181214050131}} {{AFC submission|d|v|u=Timeverhart|ns=118|decliner=AngusWOOF|declinets=20181212013733|small=yes|ts=20181212003721}} {{AFC comment|1=Too much "boasting". That needs to be neutralized. AngusWOOF (bark • sniff) 17:55, 15 December 2018 (UTC)}}{{AFC comment|1=Still reads like advertising narrative in some places. Also, is ths to cover the school or the museum? If it's just the museum then it does not need the long (or short) list of alumni professors. AngusWOOF (bark • sniff) 17:54, 15 December 2018 (UTC)}}{{AFC comment|1=Also concerned about the tone of the article, which peacocks the museum. AngusWOOF (bark • sniff) 01:40, 12 December 2018 (UTC)}}{{AFC comment|1=Most of the facts are uncited and is assumed to be coming from the website itself. While it's been carefully reworded to not be a copy-paste, it needs to be attributed. Same with the list of alumni, doesn't need bolding. If you can add some more secondary sources away from Michigan's website, that would be helpful too. AngusWOOF (bark • sniff) 01:37, 12 December 2018 (UTC)}}
{{Infobox Museum
|name = The University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology
|image =

|established = 1922
|location = 13010 School of Education Building, 610 E. University Avenue, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1259
|director = Michael L. Galaty
|publictransit =
|website = {{url|https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa}}
}}

The University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology (UMMAA), formerly Museum of Anthropology, is a museum at the University of Michigan, known for its contribution to the understanding of a global human history. It houses a collection of over a million objects, alongside diverse ethnographic collections and photographic and documentary archives...[1][2] Currently, the museum boasts 8 curators, 6 emeriti curators, and 28 graduate students whose research covers 5 continents and the majority of human history[3].

History

Foundation (1837-1922)

Though the Museum of Anthropological Archaeology was not formally established until 1922, foundations for the museum started well before then. Perhaps most importantly, the legislature that supported the moving of the university from Detroit to Ann Arbor approved the formation of a “Cabinet of Natural History"[4]. Due to the relative seclusion of Ann Arbor, this on-campus resource offered to students what they could have gotten at the growing museums and universities to the east. From this legislature grew a tradition of collecting materials for display in informal settings around campus. As soon as 1840, these collections included ethnographic and archaeological materials. In 1881, the University built its first museum building, though without the incorporation of a museum of archaeology, anthropology, or ethnography[5]. In the 1890s, Francis Kelsey taught the first class on the topic of archaeology, utilizing the collections of the University[6].

Establishment and Early Years (1922-1944)

This period of UMMAA's history saw the active contribution of a few scholars. Before the museum of anthropology had a physical space, the university hired Carl E. Guthe (1922-1944) to direct an archaeological expedition to the Philippines. As part of this agreement, the University decided to make both a museum (1922) and department of anthropology (1923).[7] Upon return from the Philippines, Guthe was formally named director of the Museum of Anthropology (1925) and saw it move shortly into it's longstanding facility - the Ruthven Museum Building (1928-2018)[8]. The museum of anthropology started with two divisions, the Archaeology Division headed by Guthe and the Great Lakes Division under the direction of William Hinsdale (1922-1935)[9]

Hindsdale, like most of the early museum researchers, made important contributions to scholarship and the academy. Of particular importance was his publication of Archaeological Atlas of Michigan[10] and his part in founding both the Michigan Archaeological Society and the Anthropology Section of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters[11]. In much the same way, Melvin Gilmore (1929-1940), the next hired member of the museum, contributed both to scholarship and the foundation of important institutions. Though hired as the curator of ethnology in 1929, Gilmore quickly established the nation's first ethnobotanical laboratory, now the with largest collection in the country.[12]. This contribution, along with his publication on the lab which effectively started the still ongoing publication series of the museum[13], cemented his legacy as a pioneer in ethnobotany.[14][15]. Julian Steward (1928-1930) also held a short tenure in the museum.

During Guthe's term as the museum director, he also established the Asia Division and the ceramic repository. In the early years, there was much turnover in the curators of the Asia range, with Benjamin March (1933-1934) and A.B. DeVere Bailey (1936-1941) each holding the position only a shot while[16]. In 1941, Kamer Aga-Oglu (1941-1974) joined the ranks of the Asia range, first as a museum assistant but shortly becoming a curator -- a position she held long term.[17] Similarly, Guthe secured funding from the National Research Council to establish a ceramic repository of pottery sherd from the Eastern Woodlands [18], the first for this region. Both of these institutions still are in operations within the museum today.

Before retiring, Guthe hired a few faculty that would become mainstays as the museum's saw its its florescence in the mid-20th century. Following Hinsdale's retirement, Emerson Greenman (1935-1961) -- the first receipt of a Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of Michigan -- was hired to replace him as curator of Great Lakes archaeology. Similarly, Volney Jones (1937-1969) was hired to replace Melvin Gilmore following a stint as Gilmore's assistant. In over three decades as curator of ethnobotany, Volney continued the tradition of innovative research and collecting, and is perhaps, responsible more so than any other individual for the incomparable ethnobotanical collections at the museum[19]. More impactful than any other hire was bringing James B. Griffin (1937-1974) on staff following the completing of his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. Griffin started as research associate, then was promoted and rose through the ranks as a curator, before becoming the long-term director of the Museum.

Under the Leadership of James B. Griffin (1944-1975)

James ("Jimmy") Bennett Griffin took the reins of the museum of anthropology, first as interim director in 1944, and as director in 1946, growing it into an institution of unique notoriety[20]. In terms of scholarships, Griffin himself was quite accomplished. Griffin was elected to the National Academy of Sciences (1968) and received the Viking Fund Award and Medal (1957), the Fryxell Award (1980), and the Distinguished Service Award (1984) from the Society of American Archaeology -- the largest organization of archaeologists working in the Americas in the world and an organization that Griffin himself helped found in 1935[21][22]. Though the most renown archaeologist of the Eastern Woodlands[23], his name is most synonymous with his more than 30 years of leadership of the museum.

Griffin brought many changes to the museum. First was the establishment of a Radiocarbon Laboratory in 1950, the second of its kind in the country. Griffin personally oversaw the dating of many important samples, anchoring chronologies that had long been debated in the Americas. Griffin also oversaw the integration of the museum into the college of Literature, Science, and Arts at the University of Michigan, allowing curators to have teaching roles within the Department of Anthropology.[24] Yet, Griffin's biggest contribution to archaeology came when he was able to add numerous curators to the faculty, effectively doubling the geographic coverage of the museum and significantly increasing the breadth of the scholarship[25]

Despite a well-recorded disdain for Lewis Binford and the "New Archaeology" he propagated, Griffin decided to hire three of his students from the University of Chicago: Kent V. Flannery (1966-Present), Robert Whallon (1966-2017) Henry T. Wright (1967-Present). He also hired Jeffery Parsons (1966-2006)[26] and C. Loring Brace (1967-2008) who added important new methods of archaeological inquiry to the museum's repertoire.[27] Soon he replaced the retiring Volney Jones with Richard Ford (1969-2005), continuing the by-then rich legacy of ethnobotany at the museum. Right away they began leading extensive archaeological expeditions in Latin America, Europe, and the Near East. In the next decade Griffin continued to hire new faculty, first hiring Chris Peebles (1972-1981)[28], a prominent southeastern archaeologist, to fill the faculty position in Great Lakes archaeology that had seen many short-tenured faculty since the retirement of Greenman. Later he hired Karl Hutterer (1974-1991) to replace Aga-Oglu in the Asia Division and William Farrand (1975-2000) to head a new analytical laboratory.[29]

These hires launched the museum to a position as the top program for archaeology in the country. The faculty trained numerous students who went on to hold prominent academic positions and collect noteworthy professional accolades[30]. Unsurprisingly, the cohort of Binford students, along with subsequent hires, made the museum the de-facto home of the "New" or processual archaeology[31]. In essentially every new avenue of archaeological inquiry, a museum curator or alumni was leading the charge, re-shaping the landscape of archaeology in the United States.

Modern Era (1975-Present)

Following the retirement of James B. Griffin, the directorship of the museum has been consistently rotated among tenured curators of the museum.[32] The museum continued many successful traditions started by Griffin, while adding new faculty with new methodological and theoretical approaches. The museum structure that Griffin put in place has remained largely intact. Carla Sinopoli (1993-2018) succeeded Hutterer as curator of the Asia division. Similarly, John O'Shea (1983-Present) was hired as curator of Great Lakes archaeology after Peebles left. Joyce Marcus(1978-Present) was brought on to add even more strength to the study of Latin American cultures[33].

Yet, some change was inevitable. The long-standing archaeology division, was re-designed as the North American archaeology range, with John Speth (1975-2012) being hired as the first curator. Robin A. Beck (2010-present) was brought on as curator in preparation for Speth's retirement. A laboratory devoted to African archaeology was added in 2000, with Augustin Holl (2000-2008) serving as the first curator. Following Holl's departure, Brian Stewart(2013-Present) was hired as curator of Paleolithic archaeology, filling the void in African research. 2013 also saw the addition of a laboratory devoted to circumpolar archaeology, with Raven Garvey (2013-Present) hired as it's first curator. In 2011, the longstanding Ethnobotany laboratory was joined with the Zooarchaeology laboratory to become the Archaeobiology laboratory under the leadership of Kent V. Flannery. Farrand's analytical lab is now commonly referred to as the Archaeoscience laboratory.[34]

The current director, Michael Galaty (2017-Present), began his tenure in 2017. He has ushered in much change, helping the museum transition from its space in the Ruthven Museums Building to a temporary space in the School of Education Building on the campus of the University of Michigan. He will oversee the design and move to a new permanent space, slated to be in the Chemistry Building.

Graduate Student Training

The Museum of Anthropological Archaeology has long held graduate training as a high priority. Currently the museum has 28 doctoral students or candidates[35] completing research on 4 continents and on a diverse topical considerations. In 2018, a study by a team of scholars from the University of Georgia utilizing 30 years of data concluded that the University of Michigan's Museum of Anthropological Archaeology (in conjunction with the Department of Anthropology) was the top program at placing students in academic faculty positions [36]

Current Research

The University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology currently has 8 curators who conduct research on 5 continents and whose scholarship covers diverse topics and theories. Faculty include 1 McArthur Fellow (Henry T. Wright)[37], 3 Members of the National Academy of Sciences (Kent V. Flannery[38], Joyce Marcus[39], and Henry T. Wright[40]) and 3 Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Kent V. Flannery[41], Joyce Marcus[42], John O'Shea [43]).

Notable alumni

  • David G. Anderson (1990)
  • Lewis Binford (1964)
  • Richard Blanton (1970)
  • Robert L. Carneiro (1957)
  • John E. Clark (1994)
  • Robert Drennan (1975)
  • Dean Falk (1976)
  • George Carr Frison (1967)
  • Robert L. Kelly (1985)
  • Timothy Pauketat (1991)
  • Stephen Plog (1977)
  • Irene Silverblatt (1981)
  • Bruce D. Smith (1973)
  • Charles Spencer (1981)
  • Pauline Wiessner (1977)
  • Wirt H. Wills (1985)
  • H. Martin Wobst (1971)
  • Melinda A. Zeder (1985)

References

1. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/collections.html | title=Collections | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
2. ^Pg.249 Barndt and Sinopoli 2017 Object Lessons and the Formation of Knowledge: The University of Michigan Museums, Libraries, and Collections, 1817-2017. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
3. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/people.html | title=People | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
4. ^pg. 245 Barndt and Sinopoli 2017 Object Lessons and the Formation of Knowledge: The University of Michigan Museums, Libraries, and Collections, 1817-2017. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
5. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/the-foundations--18371922.html | title=The Foundations: 1837–1922 | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
6. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/about-us/history/francis-kelsey.html | title=Francis W. Kelsey | U-M LSA Kelsey Museum of Archaeology}}
7. ^Pg. 245-246 Barndt and Sinopoli 2017 Object Lessons and the Formation of Knowledge: The University of Michigan Museums, Libraries, and Collections, 1817-2017. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
8. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/the-first-decades--19221944.html | title=The First Decades: 1922–1944 | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
9. ^Pg. 246 Barndt and Sinopoli 2017 Object Lessons and the Formation of Knowledge: The University of Michigan Museums, Libraries, and Collections, 1817-2017. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
10. ^{{Cite book | url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001265156 | title=Archaeological atlas of Michigan| publisher=University of Michigan press| year=1931| series=University museums, University of Michigan. Michigan handbook series,no. 4}}
11. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/biographies/wilbert-b--hinsdale.html | title=Wilbert B. Hinsdale | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
12. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/biographies/melvin-gilmore.html | title=Melvin Gilmore | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
13. ^{{Cite web | url=https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/archaeology-books/1932/03/01/the-ethnobotanical-laboratory-at-the-university-of-michigan/ | title=The Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan – Books}}
14. ^{{Cite web | url=https://ethnobiology.org/melvin-gilmore-legacy-and-model-historical-ethnobotanical-research | title=The Melvin Gilmore Legacy and Model for Historical Ethnobotanical Research | Society of Ethnobiology}}
15. ^{{Cite web | url=https://history.nebraska.gov/collections/melvin-randolph-gilmore-1868-1940-rg3308am | title=Melvin Randolph Gilmore, 1868-1940 [RG3308.AM]}}
16. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/collections/archaeology-collections/asian-archaeology.html | title=Asian Archaeology | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
17. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/biographies/kamer-aga-oglu.html | title=Kamer Aga-Oglu | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
18. ^{{Cite web | url=https://exhibitions.kelsey.lsa.umich.edu/excavating-archaeology-bicentennial/ceramic.php | title=Excavating Archaeology | Ceramic Repository}}
19. ^{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Nature_and_Status_of_Ethnobotany.html?id=X2GBAAAAMAAJ | title=The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany| isbn=9780932206794| last1=Ford| first1=Richard I.| year=1978}}
20. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/the-griffin-years--19441975.html | title=The Griffin Years: 1944–1975 | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
21. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/biographies/james-b--griffin.html | title=James B. Griffin | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
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26. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/biographies/james-b--griffin/some-memories-of-james-b--griffin.html | title=Some Memories of James B. Griffin | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
27. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/anthro/people/emeritus/clbrace.html | title=C. Loring Brace | U-M LSA Anthropology}}
28. ^https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tampabaytimes/obituary.aspx?n=christopher-spalding-peebles&pid=157313176
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30. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/people/alumni/alumni---friends.html | title=Alumni by Curator | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
31. ^{{Cite journal | doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123304|title = On the Resilience of Anthropological Archaeology| journal=Annual Review of Anthropology| volume=35| pages=1–13|year = 2006|last1 = Flannery|first1 = Kent V.}}
32. ^Pg.247 Barndt and Sinopoli 2017 Object Lessons and the Formation of Knowledge: The University of Michigan Museums, Libraries, and Collections, 1817-2017. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
33. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lsa.umich.edu/ummaa/about-us/history/1975_today.html | title=1975–Today | U-M LSA Museum of Anthropological Archaeology}}
34. ^Pg. 250 Barndt and Sinopoli 2017 Object Lessons and the Formation of Knowledge: The University of Michigan Museums, Libraries, and Collections, 1817-2017. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
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