“Draft:克里斯蒂安·卡布羅 2”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In 1982, one year after visiting Norman Shumway and witnessing his success with a heart-lung transplant, Cabrol performed Europe's first heart–lung transplant with Iradj Gandjbakhch. The recipient, however, died from cytomegalovirus.

Following the introduction of cyclosporine, his unit went on to perform around 200 transplants per year. His wife, Annik, an anaesthetist, monitored the recipients after surgery, looking for early organ rejection via endomyocardial biopsies and followed them up as outpatients.

Artificial heart

Following the experience of Jack Copeland and after meeting Robert Jarvik himself, Cabrol implanted Europe's first Jarvik Total Artificial Heart (TAH) on 10 April 1986. However, funding limited further developments, until the French newspaper Le Figaro became interested and a grant from King Hassan II was received for further such procedures, an act of philanthropy as a result of Cabrol operating on a member of the Royal Moroccan Family four years earlier. He later recounted that it was the third TAH that he implanted that he considered successful and performed almost 50 of these procedures by 1990, as a bridge to transplant.^[1]

Other cardiovascular surgery

Cabrol pioneered the technique of tricuspid annuloplasty and the repair of ascending aortic aneurysms,^[2] coronary and other valve surgery and the treatment of Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. He would ultimately perform more than 400 heart transplantations and thousands of heart operations in his lifetime, keeping in communication with numerous cardiothoracic surgeons abroad including Shumway, Barnard, Edward Stinson, Bruce Reitz, Stuart Jamieson and Lillehei.

Other roles

Cabrol was involved with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) from its inception in 1981. In 1991, he was elected its 7th president,^[3] two years after presenting Vladimir Demikhov with the first ISHLT "Pioneer Award" on 25 April 1989 in Munich, Germany.^[4]

In 1989, he became president of France Transplant, an organisation active in encouraging organ donation. He was in addition, appointed honorary president of the European Society of Heart Transplantation and president of the Administrative Board of Sainte-Anne Hospital Center.

He co-founded and later became a president of the Association for the Development and Innovation in Cardiology (ADICARE) between 1990 and 2015.

He gave yearly talks at the French-speaking meeting "Journées de La Pitié" which focuses on heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support.

Politics

In later life, in support of Jacques Chirac, Cabrol became involved in politics. In 1989, he became a Paris City Hall Councilor and was appointed to missions by the Ministry of External Affairs of France in 1993. From 1994 to 1999, Cabrol, as a MEP, represented France in the European Parliament and was affiliated with Rally for the Republic.^[5]^[6]

Between 1996 and 1999 he was president of the National Food Council (Conseil national de l'alimentation) and was assistant to the Mayor in charge of issues related to food hygiene.

In 1998, Cabrol opposed tobacco advertising when he stated "tobacco kills 500,000 people a year in Europe as a result of lung cancer, heart disease, and other respiratory diseases. Advertising tobacco creates this death rate. Incitement to smoke is incitement to murder."^[7]

Family and personal

Cabrol met and married an anaesthetist colleague Annik in 1955. They divorced in 1998 and he then married the 14 years younger actress Bérengère Dautun, whom he had met on a Mediterranean cruise.^[8]

His admiration for western movies gave him the nickname "Bill", from Buffalo Bill. He was known for driving his old Citroën car around Paris, but also enjoyed cycling which once resulted in a crash and a broken leg. Unable to walk due to being bed bound with traction, he arranged for his bed to be transferred to his office. While recovering and still unable to stand unaided, he developed a specially designed seat on rollers. This allowed him to continue operating while sitting, an innovation he used for the rest of his surgical career. His other hobbies included sailing.

Death and legacy

Cabrol died on 16 June 2017, at the age of 91, at the hospital at which he spent his cardiothoracic career. His funeral service was held on 22 June 2017 in the Saint-Louis chapel of La Pitié-Salpétrière.^[8]

Awards and appointments

Selected publications

Cabrol's thesis was on the anatomy of the lung, published in two volumes with the main author reported as Gaston Cordier, as was customary at the time;

He also authored and co-authored numerous articles and books including Mes 400 greffes cardiaques, Plon (1987).^[10] Others include;

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mQ29AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192&dq=places+named+after+christian+cabrol#v=onepage&q=places%20named%20after%20christian%20cabrol&f=false|title=Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society|last=Fox|first=Renee C.|last2=Swazey|first2=Judith P.|date=2013|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412851572|location=|pages=192|language=en}}
2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Athanasiou|first=Thanos|last2=O'Regan|first2=Declan|last3=Nihoyannopoulos|first3=Petros|last4=Grapsa|first4=Julia|last5=Rasoli|first5=Sonia|last6=Soni|first6=Manish|last7=Kourliouros|first7=Antonios|date=1 May 2011|title=Evolution and Current Applications of the Cabrol Procedure and Its Modifications|url=https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(11)00251-7/abstract|journal=The Annals of Thoracic Surgery|language=English|volume=91|issue=5|pages=1636–1641|doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.01.061|pmid=21444065|issn=0003-4975}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ishlt.org/about-ishlt/board-of-directors/past-presidents-forum/past-presidents|title=ISHLT: The International Society for Heart & Lung Transplantation - Past Presidents|last=|first=|date=|website=www.ishlt.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=3 January 2019}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Konstantinov|first=Igor E.|date=2009|title=At the Cutting Edge of the Impossible|journal=Texas Heart Institute Journal|volume=36|issue=5|pages=453–458|issn=0730-2347|pmc=2763473|pmid=19876428}}
5. ^¹²{{cite news|title=Mort de Christian Cabrol, qui a réalisé la première greffe cardiaque en Europe|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/sante/article/2017/06/16/mort-du-professeur-christian-cabrol-qui-avait-realise-la-premiere-greffe-cardiaque-en-europe-en-1968_5145769_1651302.html|accessdate=16 June 2017|work=Le Monde|date=16 June 2017|language=fr}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/portrait-of-christian-e-a-cabrol-mep_P063_Christian_CABROL_004_p|title=Portrait of Christian E.A. CABROL MEP|last=|first=|date=|website=Multimedia Centre|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=5 January 2019}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/european-parliament-set-to-approve-ban-on-tobacco-advertising-1.152061|title=European Parliament set to approve ban on tobacco advertising|last=O'Sullivan|first=Kevin|date=13 May 1998|website=The Irish Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=5 January 2019}}
8. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/People/Mort-du-Professeur-Cabrol-L-adieu-de-Mireille-Darc-a-travers-la-voix-d-Alain-Delon-1297586|title=Mort du Professeur Cabrol: L'adieu de Mireille Darc à travers la voix d'Alain Delon|last=|first=|date=1 July 2017|website=parismatch.com|language=fr|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=6 January 2019}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ishlt.org/ishlt/media/documents/ISHLTPioneerAward_2009Recipient_ChristianCabrol.pdf|title=ISHLT Pioneer Award 2009|last=|first=|date=2009|work=|access-date=5 January 2019}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=YA4NAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA264&dq=Mes+400+greffes+cardiaques+cabrol#v=onepage&q=Mes%20400%20greffes%20cardiaques%20cabrol&f=false|title=L'esprit des médecines anciennes|last=Jacques-Marin|first=Suzanne|date=2005|publisher=Cheminements|isbn=9782844783837|location=|pages=264|language=fr}}

Heart-lung transplant