1. History

2. Main sights

3. Transport

4. International relations
     Twin towns — sister cities  

5. See also

6. References
     Bibliography    Attribution    Notes  

7. External links

Łańcut (Polish pronunciation: {{IPAc-pl|'|ł|a|ń|c|u|t}};^[1] {{lang-de|Landshut}}, {{lang-yi|לאַנצוט-Lantzut}}), is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 18,004 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009.^[2] Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), it is the capital of Łańcut County.

History

Archeological investigations carried out in the region of Łańcut confirm the existence of human settlements from about 4000 years B.C.^[3]

The first owner of the town was Otton (z Pilczy) Pilecki, who was given the Łańcut estate by the Polish king, Casimir III the Great, in 1349, as a reward for his service. At the same time, the king also granted Łańcut its city rights according to Magdeburg law.^[3] In 1381 Łańcut was officially named a ‘town’ for the first time, by Otton Pilecki, in the foundation charter of the town. Łańcut remained under the ownership of the Pilecki family up to 1586.^[3]

The city was then owned consecutively by aristocratic Polish families of Stadnicki, Lubomirski, and Potocki.^[3] Łańcut was purchased by Stanisław Lubomirski in 1629, at which time he secured the services of architect Matteo ({{lang-pl|‘Maciej’}}) Trapola and the stuccoist Giovanni Battista Falconi, in order to build a fortified residence in the town, Łańcut Castle, completed in 1641 and reconstructed many times since. Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, fearing attack from the Swedes, further strengthened the fortifications. To perform these works he employed Tylman van Gameren, a Dutchman and one of the most prominent foreign architects to ever work in Poland.^[4]

The castle is situated in the centre of the town and constructed in the style of a grand aristocratic palace-residence. It was last owned until 1944 by the Potocki family, and made infamous in late 16th century during the times of Stanisław Stadnicki,^[5] who was known as 'the Devil of Łańcut' (Polish: diabeł łańcucki) for his violent behaviour. After 1775 the palace was owned by Izabella Lubomirska, who extended it and had the interiors remodelled. The palace is currently a museum particularly well known for its large collection of historic carriages. Since 1961, a well-known classical music festival is held there annually.^[3]

In 1772, after Poland's First Partition, Łańcut became part of the Habsburg Monarchy where it remained until 1918 when it became part of independent Poland.

At the end of the 18th century, Duchess Izabela Lubomirska established a distillery on the vast estate of the Lubomirski family in Łańcut. Count Alfred Wojciech Potocki, a grandson and heir of the Duchess, started to run the Łańcut and Lwów Lubomirski estates in 1823.^[6][7] He modernised the management of these properties. The distillery has changed ownership several times and now exists under the name of Polmos Łańcut. It is well known for producing flavoured and sweetened vodkas.^[8]

Jews began to settle in Łańcut in the 16th century: the earliest mention of a settler is 1554. The landowner Stanisław Lubomirski employed a Jewish factor for his Łańcut estate in 1629. in 1707 the Council of Four Lands (the Polish Jewish parliament). met in Łańcut. A wooden synagogue burnt down in 1716 and new brick synagogue was commenced in 1726. The project was supported by the Lubomirski family and the synagogue, which still stands, was completed in 1761 (see below).^[9] Local Jewish cemeteries are the resting place of the famous Rabbi Zvi Naftali Horowitz, the Grand Rabbi of Ropshitz (Ropczyce) and Rabbi Ahron Moshe Leifer, the Grand Rabbi of Żołynia.^[10] Every year, followers of the Hasidic Judaism come to pray at their graves.

Prior to World War II, Łańcut had a thriving Jewish community constituting about one-third of the city population. In 1939 there were 2750 Jews in Łańcut. From 1942 onwards the German occupiers began transportation and murder of the Jewish community; very few of the community survived.^[11]

The last owner of Łańcut, Alfred Antoni Potocki, (14 June 1886 – 30 March 1958), was one of the richest men in prewar Poland, accumulating a fantastic collection of art during his tenancy.^[12][13][14] Shortly before the arrival of the Red Army in 1944, he loaded 11 railway carriages of a specially chartered train to Vienna, with his most valuable possessions (about 700 boxes of movable property) and fled to Liechtenstein. Most of these valuables were gradually sold off to finance a lavish lifestyle^[14]

The Music Festival in Łańcut has been an annual event since 1961. The Festival is a series of modern and classical music concerts performed by distinguished European soloists, ensembles and choirs.

Main sights

• The Łańcut Castle, sometimes called the Potocki Palace. It was built in 1628–1641 by Stanisław Lubomirski, rebuilt in 1894–1903 in the style of French Neo-baroque. In the castle grounds there is a park with the little romantic castle, a coachhouse with a collection of carriages and a guest-house in the English style.^[15]
• The Łańcut Synagogue, completed in 1761. German invaders in 1939 attempted to burn the synagogue down, but were prevented by Count Alfred Antoni Potocki.^[16] Although plain on the exterior, the interior walls and ceiling are decorated with restorations of paintings and stuccowork from the 18th century and polychromies from the 19th – 20th centuries.^[15]
• The architectural complex of the ancient Church and the Dominican monastery (Rynek) rebuilt repeatedly, the oldest phase of the construction going back to the 15th century.^[15]
• The Parish Church (Farna Street) going back to the 15th century. Rebuilt in 1884–1900.^[15]

Transport

Łańcut is located on the main West-East European E40 Highway, which goes from Calais in France via Belgium, across Germany, Poland, Ukraine and on to Russia and Kazakhstan. Circa 2008, the A4 highway was announced. Despite it was meant to be done before Euro 2012, it was not finished by July 2014. This caused a large worker protest, after which the contract was broken. However, now the A4 north of Łańcut is expected to be completed sometime in 2016

Other Polish cities located by the E40 highway are Wrocław, Opole, Katowice, Kraków, Tarnów, Rzeszów and Przemyśl.

The nearest airport is Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport located in the village of Jasionka, north of Rzeszów. It is about {{convert|18|km|0|abbr=off}} north-west of Łańcut on the A881 and takes about 25–30 minutes by car. Scheduled passenger services include flights to: Warsaw (WAW), Dublin, London (Stansted), Bristol, UK, Birmingham, UK, New York City (JFK Airport, and Newark Liberty International Airport).

Łańcut has a railway station, located at Kolejowa Street 1. It is on the main line, Kraków Main station — Medyka. The line then continues on to Ukraine.

The bus station is located at the crossroads of Kościuszko Street and Sikorski Street.

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Łańcut is twinned with:^[17]

• {{flagicon|SVK}} Levoča, Slovakia^[17]
• {{flagicon|CZE}} Litomyšl, Czech Republic^[17]
• {{flagicon|SVN}} Piran, Slovenia ^[17]

See also

• Walddeutsche
• Łańcut (vodka) is a brand of vodka.

References

Bibliography

• Cicochny, Macin et al. (2010). Łańcut: The Hasidic route. Warsaw: FODZ. {{isbn|9788361306092}}
• {{cite web |url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa |title=Central Statistical Office(GUS) – TERYT(National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)|date=2008-01-09|publisher=|language=Polish|accessdate=2008-10-23}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.lancut.pl/asp/en_start.asp?typ=14&menu=66&strona=1|title=Łańcut Official Website|publisher=© 2008 Urząd Miejski w Łańcucie, Plac Sobieskiego 18, 37–100 Łańcut|accessdate=2008-10-23}}
• Polski Słownik Biograficzny t. 27 s. 760
• Stanisław Mossakowski, Tilman van Gameren: Leben und Werk, Deutscher Kunstverlag, München 1994, XIII, 366 S., {{ISBN|3-422-06097-9}}

Attribution

This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the Polish Wikipedia.

Notes

External links

• City of Łańcut official website
• Official Łańcut Castle website
• Łańcut County, Touristic Informant

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