| 词条 | Štúrovo |
| 释义 |
| name = Štúrovo | native_name = | other_name = Párkány | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = MariaValeriaBridge.jpg | image_caption = Landscape of the town with Mária Valéria Bridge over the Danube as seen from the Esztergom Basilica | image_flag = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Štúrovo.png | motto = | nickname = | etymology = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Slovakia | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = Nitra | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Nové Zámky | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Slovakia | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Štúrovo in Slovakia | coordinates = {{coord|47|47|57|N|18|43|05|E|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Eugen Szabó | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1075 | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 13.13 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 111 | elevation_ft = | population_as_of = 2016-12-31[1] | population_footnotes = | population_total = 10465 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi= | population_demonym = | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 943 01 | area_code_type = | area_code = 421-36 | geocode = | iso_code = | blank_name = Car plate | blank_info = NZ | website = http://www.sturovo.sk | footnotes = Source:[2] }} Štúrovo (before 1948: Parkan; {{lang-hu|Párkány}}, {{lang-de|Gockern}}, {{lang-tr|Ciğerdelen}}) is a town in Slovakia, situated on the River Danube. Its population in 2005 was 11,172. The town is situated opposite the Hungarian city of Esztergom. The Mária Valéria bridge connects the settlements. The bridge was destroyed in 1944 during World War II, but reconstructed in 2001. Names and etymologyThe initial name of the settlement was Kokot – the common Slavic word for a rooster (the word still exists in Slovak as a vulgarism). Kokot (1075), Cokot (1157), Kakath (1277).[3] Later Slovak and Hungarian name was adopted from Turkish Cigerdelen Parkani (1543) – "the fortress stabbing to the liver of the enemy". It was given its current name after World War II and is named after the 19th century Slovak national leader, Ľudovít Štúr. There was an attempt to return to the old name in a local 1991 referendum; however the government refused to rename the town.[4] The Hungarian name Párkány is officially used as a name in the minority language.[5] HistoryThe town was inhabited in the prehistoric ages, thanks to its favourable location. It was an important river crossing, and part of the Limes Romanus system named as Avanum during Roman rule. In the 16th century, after the Turks conquered Buda in 1541, the town, along with Esztergom, came under the Ottoman rule. Many attempts to retake the town from the Turks followed, but they were unsuccessful except 1595–1605 period, until 1683, when the Turks lost a battle near Párkány which became referred to as Ciğerdelen ("Liver driller" in Turkish) during the Ottoman rule. During the reign of Maria Theresa, the town regained its rights and became a district town. In 1850, Párkány became a station on the railway between Pressburg ({{lang-hu|Pozsony}}, now Bratislava) and Budapest. In 1895, the Mária Valéria bridge to Esztergom was opened. After World War I, the town became a border town of Czechoslovakia. In 1938, as a result of the First Vienna Award, Párkány and parts of Southern Slovakia were returned to Hungary. It was occupied in the years 1944/1945 by Soviet troops. The Mária Valéria bridge was destroyed for a second time (first time in 1920) by retreating German forces. After World War II, with the annulment of the Vienna Awards, the town became a part of Czechoslovakia again. It was renamed to Štúrovo in 1948. The formerly independent villages of Nána and Obid were merged with the town in 1960 and 1972 respectively. Štúrovo ceased to be the seat of a separate district in 1960 and was merged into the new larger Nové Zámky District. The postwar industrialization period saw a major pulp and paper processing plant opened - the Juhoslovenské celulózky a papierne (South Slovakian Pulpwood and Paper Works) in 1968, employing some 4,000 people. A new thermal swimming resort Vadaš was built in 1978. The local railway station became the second largest in Slovakia (1975).[4] After the Velvet Revolution, Nána (1990) and Obid (1998) became separate villages again. The Mária Valéria bridge to Hungary was rebuilt for the third time and opened in 2001, boosting the local economy. Border crossingUntil 21 December 2007 when both Slovakia and Hungary became part of the Schengen Area, Štúrovo was a major border crossing between Slovakia and Hungary, with Esztergom located on the Hungarian side of the River Danube. The two cities are linked by the Mária Valéria bridge. The road bridge is some {{convert|500|m|abbr=off}} in length and is named after Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria, (1868–1924), the fourth child of Emperor Franz Josef, and Elisabeth. The bridge was originally opened on 28 September 1895 but was destroyed twice. On 22 July 1919 the bridge was destroyed by a detonation at its first pier on its western side but the bridge was renovated in 1922 and completely reconstructed in 1926. During World War II, retreating German troops blew up the bridge on 26 December 1944 along with other bridges near Esztergom. Decades of intransigence between the Communist governments of Hungary and Czechoslovakia meant that the bridge was not rebuilt until the new millennium, finally reopening on 11 October 2001. Half the costs of the project were covered by a 10 million Euro grant from the European Union, as part of the EU PHARE project to assist applicant countries in their preparations to join the EU. Štúrovo was also a major railway border crossing between Slovakia and Hungary as it is on the main Bratislava-Budapest railway line. The main station across the border in Hungary is Szob which is located to the east on the same side of the River Danube. DemographicsAccording to the 2001 census, 11,708 people were living in the town with 68.7% identifying themselves as ethnic Hungarian, 28.1% as Slovak and 3.2% as other nationalities. The religious make-up was: Roman Catholic 77.18%, without denomination or not specified 16.45%, Evangelic 1.36%. Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:1024 height:384 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:15000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:5000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1989 text:1989 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:1992 text:1992 bar:1993 text:1993 bar:1994 text:1994 bar:1995 text:1995 bar:1996 text:1996 bar:1997 text:1997 bar:1998 text:1998 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2002 text:2002 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2004 text:2004 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2008 text:2008 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 bar:2012 text:2012 PlotData= bar:1989 from:0 till: 14270 bar:1990 from:0 till: 14381 bar:1991 from:0 till: 13391 bar:1992 from:0 till: 13561 bar:1993 from:0 till: 13585 bar:1994 from:0 till: 13581 bar:1995 from:0 till: 13491 bar:1996 from:0 till: 13486 bar:1997 from:0 till: 13440 bar:1998 from:0 till: 13333 bar:1999 from:0 till: 12090 bar:2000 from:0 till: 12015 bar:2001 from:0 till: 11704 bar:2002 from:0 till: 11607 bar:2003 from:0 till: 11487 bar:2004 from:0 till: 11353 bar:2005 from:0 till: 11198 bar:2006 from:0 till: 11066 bar:2007 from:0 till: 10979 bar:2008 from:0 till: 10875 bar:2009 from:0 till: 10837 bar:2010 from:0 till: 10763 bar:2011 from:0 till: 10901 bar:2012 from:0 till: 10755 PlotData= bar:1989 at: 14270 fontsize:S text: 14270 shift:(-10,5) bar:1990 at: 14381 fontsize:S text: 14381 shift:(-10,5) bar:1991 at: 13391 fontsize:S text: 13391 shift:(-10,5) bar:1992 at: 13561 fontsize:S text: 13561 shift:(-10,5) bar:1993 at: 13585 fontsize:S text: 13585 shift:(-10,5) bar:1994 at: 13581 fontsize:S text: 13581 shift:(-10,5) bar:1995 at: 13491 fontsize:S text: 13491 shift:(-10,5) bar:1996 at: 13486 fontsize:S text: 13486 shift:(-10,5) bar:1997 at: 13440 fontsize:S text: 13440 shift:(-10,5) bar:1998 at: 13333 fontsize:S text: 13333 shift:(-10,5) bar:1999 at: 12090 fontsize:S text: 12090 shift:(-10,5) bar:2000 at: 12015 fontsize:S text: 12015 shift:(-10,5) bar:2001 at: 11704 fontsize:S text: 11704 shift:(-10,5) bar:2002 at: 11607 fontsize:S text: 11607 shift:(-10,5) bar:2003 at: 11487 fontsize:S text: 11487 shift:(-10,5) bar:2004 at: 11353 fontsize:S text: 11353 shift:(-10,5) bar:2005 at: 11198 fontsize:S text: 11198 shift:(-10,5) bar:2006 at: 11066 fontsize:S text: 11066 shift:(-10,5) bar:2007 at: 10979 fontsize:S text: 10979 shift:(-10,5) bar:2008 at: 10875 fontsize:S text: 10875 shift:(-10,5) bar:2009 at: 10837 fontsize:S text: 10837 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 10763 fontsize:S text: 10763 shift:(-10,5) bar:2011 at: 10901 fontsize:S text: 10901 shift:(-10,5) bar:2012 at: 10755 fontsize:S text: 10755 shift:(-10,5) TextData= Partner towns
References1. ^{{cite web |publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic |url= https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/population/indicators/ |title=Population on December 31, 2016 |date=December 31, 2016 |accessdate=December 15, 2017}} 2. ^http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Municipal Statistics from the Statistical Office of the Slovak republic 3. ^{{cite book |last=Stanislav |first=Ján |title=Slovenský juh v stredoveku II.| page=235| publisher=Slovenské literárne centrum |year=2004 |ISBN=80-88878-89-6}} 4. ^1 http://www.sturovo.sk/main.php?id_menu=17329&id_menu_obsah_m34873=10106&firmy_slovenska_flag=0&caption1=0 Štúrovo - History (contains a link to .doc file, in Slovak) 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.narodnostnemensiny.gov.sk/8451/oznacenia-v-jazyku-mensiny/ |title=Označenia v jazyku menšiny |publisher=Úrad splnomocnenca vlády SR pre národnostné menšiny |access-date=27 December 2016}} External links{{commons category}}
4 : Cities and towns in Slovakia|Populated places on the Danube|Socialist planned cities|Hungary–Slovakia border crossings |
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