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词条 Działowski D.K.D.1
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Operational history

  3. Specifications

  4. References

name=Działowski D.K.D.1 image=Dzialowski D.K.D.1 Les Ailes May 19,1927.jpg caption=

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

 type=Two seat cabin monoplane national origin=Poland manufacturer= designer=Stanisław Działowski first flight= 1 February 1926 introduced= retired= status= primary user= more users= produced= number built=1 program cost= unit cost= developed from= variants with their own articles=
}}

The Działowski D.K.D.1 was the first powered aircraft designed by Stanislaw Działowski. It was a low-power high-wing monoplane with a cabin for one passenger. After attending an aviation exhibition in Warsaw in 1927 it was badly damaged when the engine failed as it left and it did not fly again.

Design and development

In the early 1920s Stanisław Działowski was head of aircraft assembly at the military flying school at Bydgodaszcz. He and his brother Mieczysław began aircraft design with a glider, the Bydgodaszczanka, which flew at the 1925 Second Polish Glider Contest.[2] In the same year they began work on the D.K.D.1. The surname initials D.K.D were those of the two brothers and of Jan Kruger, a local shoemaker who provided some funding and also bought the Gabriel brothers the Haacke engine that had been used in the Gabriel P 5 and P 6. The wing was built in the military workshop but they were later forced out to a cellar in the town.

The D.K.D.1 was a high wing aircraft with an enclosed cabin for one passenger and an open cockpit for the pilot. It had a one-piece wooden wing of trapezoidal plan with an unswept leading edge, built around two spars and fabric covered. The wing was braced with V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons to the spars. The aircraft first flew with the wing centrally fixed directly to the top of the fuselage but flight testing revealed poor forward visibility from the cockpit and the wing was raised a short distance on four vertical, faired struts, allowing the pilot to look forward under the wing. There was a large, deep cut-out in the trailing edge over the cockpit. The generous balances on its ailerons extended beyond the squared wing tips.

The D.K.D.1 was powered by a {{convert|30|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} Haacke HFM-2 air-cooled flat twin engine mounted onto the rectangular section steel tube fuselage frame under single-curvature duralumin sheet, with its cylinder heads exposed for cooling. Behind it the deep, flat-sided fuselage was fabric covered apart from its rounded, plywood covered decking. The enclosed, single seat passenger cabin was immediately behind the engine and ahead of the cockpit. It had a small window on each side and was entered by a port-side door.

Both fin and tailplane, the latter located on top of the fuselage, were small and rectangular in shape, mounting large, balanced control surfaces. These were also approximately rectangular but the bottom of the rudder was cut at an angle to allow the one-piece elevator to operate. All the rear surfaces were wooden framed and fabric covered.

Its undercarriage was fixed and of the tailskid type, with mainwheels with rubber cord shock absorbers on a single axle. The axle was mounted on short steel tube V-struts hinged from the lower fuselage longerons, with further steel struts from both the longerons and central fuselage underside to the axle's centre.

Operational history

The D.K.D.1 first flew on February 1926, piloted by Muślewski and the early tests led to the raising of the wing noted above and to other changes to the centre-section. Its designer also flew it and in late April 1927 took it to an aviation exhibition held in Warsaw. His {{convert|300|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}, bad weather leg from Toruń to Warsaw has been reported as "the first long cross-country flight to be made on a Polish-designed lightplane".[9] Their earlier base at Bydgodaszcz had become unreceptive to civilian flying but another regiment at Kraków was much more sympathetic, so he attempted to take the D.K.D.1 there. Early in the flight the old Haacke engine failed and the D.K.D.1 was badly damaged in the emergency landing. Its remains were taken to Kraków and parts of it were used in the group's next aircraft, the D.K.D.3.

Specifications

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Cynk (1971)
|prime units?=met


|genhide=
|crew=One
|capacity=One passenger
|length m=5.5
|length note=
|span m=8.4
|span note=
|height m=1.9
|height note=
|wing area sqm=12.1
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=5.6
|airfoil=Gôttingen 441
|empty weight kg=220
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=395
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=


|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Haacke HFM-2
|eng1 type=air-cooled flat twin engine
|eng1 hp=30
|eng1 note=
|more power=
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|prop dia note=


|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=120
|max speed note= at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=100
|cruise speed note=[12]
|stall speed kmh=65
|stall speed note=[12]
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|glide ratio=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|sink rate ms=
|sink rate ftmin=
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=

  • Take-off distance: {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  • Landing distance: {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}}

}}

References

1. ^1  Cynk (1971 pp.678-80
2. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Kaftal |first=André |date=9 May 1927|title=L'exposition de Varovie|journal=Les Ailes|issue=309|pages=9|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6568341h/f1 }}
3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.samolotypolskie.pl/samoloty/844/126/DKD-I2|title=DKD-2, 1926 |access-date=21 December 2017}}
[1][2][3]
}}

4 : Single-engined tractor aircraft|High-wing aircraft|Polish sport aircraft 1920–1929|Aircraft first flown in 1926
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