| 词条 | Economic and Technology Co-operation Agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Economic and Technology Co-operation Agreement (ETCA) is a proposed diplomatic arrangement that seeks to add to the existing free trade agreement between the Republic of India and the Republic of Sri Lanka, primarily in relation to trade-in services and the service sector; it seeks to emulate a proto freedom-of-movement system and a single market.[1] The proposal is championed by supporters as a method to introduce low-cost goods for low-income people in Sri Lanka and increase sales of high-end goods to India, while also making Sri Lanka more attractive for FDI.[2] But many lobby groups have become concerned that India would flood Sri Lanka with cheaper labor, with the IT industry in particular worried about the influx of cheaper Indian tech workers.[3] The high unemployment rate of India has been pointed out by many nationalist groups.[4] The proposed agreement's impact has been estimated to be an increase of $500 billion to the common economy.[5] It has been likened to the economic union undertaken between the North-East Asian countries of Taiwan and People's Republic of China called the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, and both agreements share issues with the island nation's people worrying about being undercut by cheaper laborers from the mainland.[6] History{{Expand section|date=August 2017}}Proposed AgreementTrade and Investment{{Expand section|date=August 2017}}Economic Cooperation{{Expand section|date=August 2017}}Trade in Goods{{Expand section|date=August 2017}}Trade-In ServicesSri Lanka has opened up its services market to workers in the fields of: computer, telecommunication, tourism, financial, health and maritime transport and auxiliary related services.[2] India has opened up its services to an array of professional services including engineering, urban planning, health etc., computer, telecommunication, research and development, real estate, recreational, cultural, educational, environmental, tourism, construction and transport related services.[2] Technological cooperation{{Expand section|date=August 2017}}Mutual Recognition of Conformity Assessment Procedures{{Expand section|date=August 2017}}Dispute Settlement{{Expand section|date=August 2017}}InstitutionsJoint CommitteeThe Joint Committee is composed of ministers from both countries and is expected to meet at least once per year. Standing CommitteeThe Standing Committee is composed of senior civil servants and is expected to meet at least bi-annually. It will be responsible for maintaining close relations with trade and industry, whilst also acting as a platform to resolve amendments to the agreement. Arbitral TribunalThe Arbitral Tribunal is composed of one member nominated by each country, and a common member agreed upon by both parties (otherwise chosen through random selection), [7] DemographicsThe table below shows the demographics of an economic union between the Republic of India and Sri Lanka:
ReactionsRanil Wickremesinghe, Sri Lankan prime minister: "These five southern states have a population of 250 million and a combined GDP of $450 billion. With an addition of Sri Lanka $80 billion, the GDP in this sub regional economy will cross $500 billion,"[18]Indian High Commissioner Y.K. Sinha: “They state a large number of Indians would come to Sri Lanka including barbers, lawyers and professors even and that they would take over Sri Lanka . . . These claims are amusing and completely untrue,”[19]Muhunthan Canagey –CEO of ICTA: "I would like to really know, do you really think the signing of ETCA will affect IT jobs in Sri Lanka? Are we Sri Lankans so inferior that we are so threatened to ensure doors are to be closed for IT professionals from India to come and join teams in Sri Lanka? Don’t you all think that in a world where software code is being developed all around the world and being delivered through the Internet, protecting IT professionals coming and working face to face with local teams is bad and will destroy us? Anyway, the work can be outsourced online."[20]GMOA member Dr. Haritha Aluthge: “We pointed out the kind of damage that will be posed to the Sri Lankan trade community. We were informed by the minister that they would finalize the ETCA only after reading the facts in the agreement and studying them,”[21]Members of the Young Lawyers Circle: “We also wish to tell the Government to stop signing this agreement which may have a disastrous impact on Sri Lanka’s labour force. According to available details, the Government has been compelled to sign this agreement secretly due to India’s urging. We demand that the government open an intellectual discussion on this agreement. As young lawyers, we demand that the government opens the agreement to the people and consult the professionals,”[22]Geethanjali Natraj, professor at the Indian Institute of Public Administration,“Given these states’ proximity to Sri Lanka, the ETCA would leverage Sri Lanka's unique geo-strategic location, which is at the crossroads of major shipping routes. The ETCA would also increase regional integration and could make Sri Lanka the geo-economic centre of South Asia."[23]References1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.uscis.gov/working-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-nafta-professionals|title=TN NAFTA Professionals|work=USCIS|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en}} 2. ^1 2 http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2016/10/20/the-economic-and-technological-cooperation-agreement-full-steam-ahead-for-india-and-sri-lanka/ 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.chanakyaiasacademy.com/blog/item/280-india-and-sri-lanka-economic-and-technological-cooperation-agreement-beginning-of-a-new-era|title=India and Sri Lanka-Economic and Technological Cooperation Agreement: beginning of a new era?|last=Expert|first=Chanakya|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en-gb}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/print20160701CT20161030.php?id=3346|title=Implications of ETCA on Sri Lanka - Ceylontoday.lk|website=www.ceylontoday.lk|language=en|access-date=2017-08-03}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/sri-lanka-will-sign-economic-tech-pact-with-india-by-year-end-wickremesinghe/article9192563.ece|title=Sri Lanka will sign economic, tech pact with India by year end: Wickremesinghe|last=Bureau|first=Our|date=2016-10-06|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Storm-over-Sri-Lankan-deal-with-India/article14092075.ece|title=Storm over Sri Lankan deal with India|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en}} 7. ^http://www.cebeu.lk/cebeuw/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/CEPA.pdf 8. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx|title=Census of India: Area And Populatio|last=ORGI|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2017-08-03}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/reality-check-indian-economy-is-not-larger-than-that-of-the-uk/article16925514.ece1|title=Reality check: Indian economy is not larger than that of the UK|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite web|url=http://www.treasury.gov.lk/sri-lanka-at-a-glance|title=SRI LANKA AT A GLANCE - HOME|website=www.treasury.gov.lk|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-03}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/indias-per-capita-income-rises-7-4-to-rs-93293/articleshow/52524152.cms|title=India's per capita income rises 7.4% to Rs 93,293|date=2016-05-31|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-08-03}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.btvi.in/article/read/economy/12061/india-s-unemployment-rate-sees-sharp-decline--report|title=India's unemployment rate sees sharp decline: Report|website=BTVI.in|access-date=2017-08-03}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/10/isis-territory-has-shrunk-by-16-percent-to-the-size-of-sri-lanka-research.html|title=ISIS' territory has shrunk by 16 percent to the size of Sri Lanka: Research|last=Ellyatt|first=Holly|date=2016-10-10|access-date=2017-08-03}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2017/01/11/world-bank-indias-demonetisation-has-hit-growth-down-to-7-for-fiscal-2016-2017/|title=World Bank - India's Demonetisation Has Hit Growth, Down To 7% For Fiscal 2016 - 2017|last=Worstall|first=Tim|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-08-03}} 15. ^[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-01/india-government-debt-remains-significantly-high-moody-s-says https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-01/india-government-debt-remains-significantly-high-moody-s-says] 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://statisticstimes.com/economy/sectorwise-gdp-contribution-of-india.php|title=Sector-wise contribution of GDP of India - StatisticsTimes.com|website=statisticstimes.com|access-date=2017-08-03}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/from-11-to-2-2-five-charts-explain-vanishing-india-inflation/articleshow/59227745.cms|title=From 11% to 2.2%, five charts explain India's vanishing inflation|date=2017-06-20|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-08-03}} 18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/dLr2ep2HnwPlUrucwyH0sO/India-Sri-Lanka-to-sign-economy-technology-pact-by-yearen.html|title=India, Sri Lanka to sign economy, technology pact by year-end|last=Nair|first=Remya|date=2016-10-06|work=livemint.com/|access-date=2017-08-03}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/92683/fusions-on-cepa-aren-t-clarified-indian-hc|title=Video: Surprising that confusions on CEPA aren’t clarified: HC Sinha|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.readme.lk/etca-and-impact-on-our-industry/|title=What is ETCA and the impact on our IT industry – README|date=2016-01-26|work=README|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en-US}} 21. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/98529/cepa-coming-as-etca|title=CEPA coming as ETCA, says GMOA|access-date=2017-08-03|language=en}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2016/02/07/fin01.asp|title=ETCA will hit engineers most - OEA chief|website=archives.sundayobserver.lk|access-date=2017-08-03}} 23. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/special/modi-3-the-view-from-the-foreign-office/20170525.htm|title=Modi @3: The view from the foreign office|work=Rediff|access-date=2017-08-03}} 1 : Free trade agreements of India |
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