| 词条 | Eddie Linden |
| 释义 |
| name = Eddie Linden | honorific_suffix = | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1935|5|5|df=yes}} | birth_place = Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Scotland | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = British | occupation = Poet, political activist, magazine editor | alma_mater = Catholic Workers' College | period = | notableworks = | awards = | spouse = | children = }}Edward "Eddie" Linden (born 5 May 1935) is a Scottish poet, literary magazine editor and political activist. From 1969 to 2004, he published and edited the poetry magazine Aquarius, which made him "one of the leading figures on the international poetry scene". The journal was key to the growth of British, Irish and international poets, and according to The Irish Post, "is seen as Eddie’s crowning gift to literature — the nurturing and developing of poetic talent".[1][2] BiographyEarly lifeLinden was born as an illegitimate child to Northern Irish parents in Motherwell, Scotland. He was baptised as John Edward Glackin, but became Edward Linden upon being adopted by his relatives Mary Glenn and Eddie Linden, whom he came to regard as his parents. In 1944, Mary died, and her widower Eddie, a miner, remarried a Scottish Presbyterian woman who disliked the young Edward. She failed to have him put in an asylum, so instead had him sent to an orphanage run by the Sisters of Charity.[1][2] At the age of 14, he was "released" from this institution and often slept rough. He was put to work in a coal mine, and after being fired from this job, worked in a steel mill. He was also employed as a ticket collector and porter at Hamilton West railway station. Linden was rejected for national service conscription in the army as he was deemed underweight and suffered from a duodenal ulcer. Having been raised as a Roman Catholic, he also struggled with his homosexuality, and even sought medical treatment from doctors, but abandoned this after falling out with the staff.[3] Political activismLinden's political and literary awakening came when he joined the Young Communist League. "At that time, the Communist Party had education classes - not just Marxist classes, but in Dickens, in Shakespeare - that was another discovery for me. Then there was the Workers' Educational Association. This was my way of getting away from that place and that life," he later recalled.[4] According to his biographer John Cooney, "Linden sought freedom to explore his capabilities, away from what he felt were the dual Calvinist and Jansenist suffocations of the west of Scotland." Linden is said to have "wavered" in his communism following Moscow's suppression of the Hungarian Uprising of 1956.[1] By 1995, he was referred to as a socialist.[5] In August 1958, by then in his early 20s, the young Edward, who would be known as Eddie, moved to London to work as a porter at St Pancras railway station. That year, he met the Catholic priest Anthony Ross, who helped Linden come to terms with his homosexuality and encouraged him to take part in peace protests: he became involved with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and the Catholic Worker. This lead to friendships with the journalist Douglas Hyde and Jesuit priest Thomas Roberts. Upon Ross's death, Linden wrote an obituary of him for The Guardian.[1] An April 1959 article by Hyde in The Catholic Herald outlined the origins of the Catholic Nuclear Disarmament Group, for whom Linden would become secretary. He later noted: It was some time at the end of the 1950s when I first came across a little bookshop in Glasgow called the Freedom Bookshop. This was run by an eccentric Cockney, Guy Aldred, who was then editing a paper called Freedom. I saw a book entitled I Believe by Douglas Hyde. Also that day in that shop I picked up the American Catholic Worker produced by a remarkable person named Dorothy Day. The paper identified itself with the cause of peace and reconciliation. The book told a story of a man who had dedicated his life to Communism. At the time I was disillusioned but was still loosely attached to the Communist Party and the Young Communist League. These two items were to lead me back to a reconversion to Christianity of much greater social awareness.[1] In 1959, Linden arranged a meeting in Highbury Place for the Catholic CND which was attended by novelist Pamela Frankau, founder of the British version of The Catholic Worker Barbara Wall and John O'Connor, secretary of Pax Christi, the Catholic peace movement. According to Linden, "the whole idea was to publicise the immorality of the bomb": the group were affiliated the national CND, and a letter was sent to General de Gaulle to protest the French test explosion. The first Catholic banner was seen on an Aldermasteron March in 1959, with 200 people. 600 associate members were part of the organisation. By 1966, Linden had become less active, and had gone to the Catholic Workers' College in Oxford to study. Linden describes himself as a Catholic who finds it difficult to believe in God.[6] Meanwhile, in 1963, he co-founded the Simon Community, a charity in aid of the homeless, with Anton Wallich-Clifford, a probation officer at Bow Street Magistrates Court.[1] AquariusIn 1969, Linden started the poetry magazine Aquarius, which he edited from his flat in Maida Vale until 2004 and featured emerging writers. He was helped by fellow poet John Heath-Stubbs, and a donation from his friend, the playwright Harold Pinter; it has been said that Linden was the inspiration for the character of Spooner in Pinter's play No Man's Land. Fellow poets George Barker and Peter Porter also allowed their work to be published for free. The first issue featured contributions from Heath-Stubbs, Barker, Stevie Smith and Kathleen Raine.[5] The magazine was published every few years and ran to 26 issues in all.[3][7] A Festschrift, Eddie's Own Aquarius, edited by Constance Short and Tony Carroll, was published in tribute to Linden himself in 2005. Marking his 70th birthday, it featured tributes from friends and contributions from writers who had appeared in the magazine, amongst them fellow poets Seamus Heaney, Alan Brownjohn, Roger McGough, Dannie Abse, Brian Patten, Elaine Feinstein, Alasdair Gray, Paul Muldoon, Tom Paulin, illustrator Ralph Steadman, politician Clare Short (a cousin of the book's co-editor Constance), artist Craigie Aitchison, academic Sir Bernard Crick, former CND chair Bruce Kent, writer James Kelman and emeritus Poet Laureate Sir Andrew Motion.[3][8][9] Heaney, who knew him in London, dedicated 'A Found Poem' to Linden.[1] Writing{{Quote box |width=400px |align=right |quoted=true |bgcolor=#FFFFF0 |salign=right|quote = From City of Razors A woman roars from an upper window 'They’re at it again, Maggie! Five stitches in our Tommie’s face, Lizzie! Eddie's in the Royal wi'a sword in his stomach And the razor’s floating in the River Clyde.' |source =from "City of Razors" (1980) As well as publishing poetry in Aquarius, Linden also wrote and gave readings of his own poems, such as 'City of Razors', which recalls the sectarian violence of his youth in Glasgow. He had been writing verse since his teenage years, and after moving south, was encouraged by Barker and Porter. He had known Barker's son Sebastian at Oxford, and in 1965 met his mother, the writer Elizabeth Smart, who adopted him as a protége; she was complimentary about the letters Linden wrote.[10] In 1980, City of Razors, a collection of his poems, was published.[11] It won praise from Pinter, Gavin Ewart and Lord Longford.[5] In April 1981, continuing his commitment to the renewed anti-nuclear movement, Linden appeared at Poets against the Bomb, an event staged by Kensington and Chelsea CND at Chelsea Town Hall. In a line-up that included performances by Pete Brown, Ivor Cutler, Gavin Ewart, Adrian Henri and Harold Pinter, Linden read his poem 'Hampstead by Night'. Sponsored by the Greater London Arts Association and the Arts Council of Great Britain, it was filmed and is thus a rare example of Linden's performance preserved for posterity.[12][13] The film was premiered at the London Film Festival.[14] {{Quote box |width=400px |align=right |quoted=true |bgcolor=#FFFFF0 |salign=right|quote = Comfortable little suburb north of London With its wooded heath Where queers and heteros nest at night Little girls in mini-skirts Boys with long hair and pockets full of French letters Preparing for a night's fucking |source =from "Hampstead by Night" }} A second volume of his poetry, A Thorn in the Flesh, was published in 2011.[15] Linden has given readings of his poems on BBC One, BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio Scotland, Radio Clyde and LBC Radio. In person, there have been live readings throughout Scotland, Ireland, England, Wales, New York City, Canada and Boston.[16] TributesWho is Eddie Linden, a biography written by Sebastian Barker, with illustrations by Ralph Steadman, was published in 1979; it covers the story of Linden's early years in London. The following year, it was adapted into a stage play, which was produced in 1995 at The Old Red Lion in Islington, North London.[8][17] Written by William Tanner, the play starred Michael Deacon as Linden and was met with a positive reception.[5] In 1985, he sat for a portrait by photographer Granville Davies which is now held by the National Portrait Gallery.[18]His 80th birthday was celebrated with a party at Conway Hall in 2015, at which he recited several of his poems. Barker's widow Hilary Davies described Linden as "loyal and non-judgmental", and, comparing him to a meerkat, said he was "sociable, communicative, ferreting in corners for choice morsels and then delighting in showing it to the community".[19] Linden's character is summarised by his friend, Gerald Mangan, in a pen and ink drawing of him arriving at the gate of heaven, accompanied by Saint Peter, who appeals to a surly God the Father: "He says he's a manic-depressive alcoholic lapsed-Catholic Irish working-class pacifist-communist bastard from Glasgow. And would you like to subscribe to a poetry magazine?"[1] Bibliography
See also{{portal|Poetry}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |last1=Cooney |first1=John |title=Happy 80th birthday, Eddie Linden, poet, pacifist and Catholic atheist |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/happy-80th-birthday-eddie-linden-poet-pacifist-and-catholic-atheist-1.2211208 |website=The Irish Times |accessdate=19 March 2019 |date=13 May 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |title=Meet London's Eddie Linden - the Irish Scots poet with an incredible life story |url=https://www.irishpost.com/life-style/meet-londons-eddie-linden-the-irish-scots-poet-with-an-incredible-life-story-54362 |website=The Irish Post |accessdate=19 March 2019}} 3. ^1 2 {{citeweb|url=https://friendsofthemagdala.co.uk/under-ken-wood/eddie-linden/|title=Eddie Linden |website=Friends of the Magdala|accessdate=19 March 2019}} 4. ^{{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=James |title=Redemption song |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/apr/08/featuresreviews.guardianreview12 |website=The Guardian |date=8 April 2006| accessdate=19 March 2019}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Lucy |title=Literature liberates a Catholic who is fighting for poetic justice |work=Catholic Herald |date=10 March 1995 |language=English}} 6. ^{{cite web |last1=Stanford |first1=Peter |title=A thorn in the flesh: Poet Eddie Linden is a catholic who finds it difficult to believe in god |url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/features/2/10874/a-thorn-in-the-flesh-poet-eddie-linden-is-a-catholic-who-finds-it-difficult-to-believe-in-god |website=The Tablet |publisher=The Tablet Publishing Company |accessdate=19 March 2019}} 7. ^{{citeweb|url=https://theshakespearecode.blog/2011/08/15/5000-views-and-the-appointment-of-a-new-fellow-2/| title=5,000 VIEWS, 22 PARTICIPATING NATIONS AND THE APPOINTMENT OF EDDIE LINDEN!!!|website= The Shakespeare Code|last=Trotter|first=Stewart|accessdate=19 March 2019}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |title=Eddie Linden |url=http://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poet/eddie-linden/ |website=Scottish Poetry Library |accessdate=19 March 2019}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Eddie Linden |url=https://hearingeye.org/writers/eddie-linden/ |website=Hearing Eye |accessdate=19 March 2019}} 10. ^{{cite AV media |people=Patterson, Glenn (interviewer)|date= 19 September 2007|title= Eddie Linden - Interview ( Part 2 )|medium= Television production|minutes=2|publisher=NVTV|language=English}} 11. ^{{cite book |last1=Linden |first1=Eddie |title=City of Razors: And Other Poems |date=1980 |publisher=J. Landesman |location=London |isbn=9780905150222}} 12. ^{{cite AV media |people=Fuchs, Francis (director)|date= 15 April 1981|title= Poets against the Bomb|medium= documentary film|language=English}} 13. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b69c2a7ad|title=Poets against the Bomb (1981)|website=BFI|accessdate=19 March 2019}} 14. ^{{cite magazine|last=Fuchs|first=Francis|date=January 1982|title=Notes|magazine=Marxism Today}} 15. ^{{cite book |last1=Linden |first1=Eddie S. |title=A Thorn in the Flesh: Selected Poems |date=2011 |publisher=Hearing Eye |isbn=9781905082636}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Eddie S Linden |url=http://www.geocities.ws/eddielinden/ |accessdate=19 March 2019}} 17. ^{{cite web |last1=Sansom |first1=Ian |title=Who is Eddie Linden |url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/private/who-is-eddie-linden/ |website=The Times Literary Supplement |accessdate=19 March 2019}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=portrait - npg x25138; eddie linden |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw90776 |website=National Portrait Gallery |accessdate=19 March 2019}} 19. ^{{cite web |last1=Gulliver |first1=John |title=Poet of the City of Razors ‘canonised’ at 80 |url=http://archive.camdennewjournal.com/poet-city-razors-%E2%80%98canonised%E2%80%99-80 |website=Camden New Journal |publisher=New Journal Enterprises Ltd |accessdate=19 March 2019 |date=21 May 2015}} Further reading
External links
16 : 1935 births|20th-century British male writers|20th-century Scottish poets|21st-century Scottish poets|21st-century British male writers|British male poets|Catholic poets|English male poets|LGBT writers from Scotland|Living people|British magazine editors|People from Maida Vale|People from Motherwell|Scottish male poets|Scottish people of Northern Ireland descent|Writers from London |
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