| 词条 | Edith Downing |
| 释义 |
| name = Edith Downing | image = Photo of Edith Downing.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Edith Downing at work. | birth_name = Edith Elizabeth Downing | birth_date = {{Birth year|1857}} | birth_place = Cardiff, Wales | death_date = {{death date and age|1931|10|3|1857|df=y}} | death_place = Surrey, England | nationality = British | education = South Kensington School of Art, Slade School of Art | field = Sculpture, Women's Suffrage | training = | movement = | works = | patrons = | awards = | spouse = }}Edith Elizabeth Downing, (January 1857 - 3 October 1931) was an artist, sculptor and suffragette.[1] LifeEdith Elizabeth Downing was born in Cardiff in January 1857. She was one of four children of the coal merchant and shipping agent Edward Downing, having two sisters and a brother, Edward. Her sister Mary was also to become an artist, whilst Caroline was to join the Women's Social and Political Union with Edith.[2][3] After attending Cheltenham College, Edith spent most of her working life based in Chelsea.[2] She died in October 1931 in Surrey.[1] CareerEdith Downing began her artistic training at the South Kensington School of Art, later attending the Slade School of Art between 1892-1893.[1] She was primarily a sculptor producing busts and figures in bronze and marble but she also painted watercolours and made reliefs and decorative panels.[2] Downing first had her work exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1891 and she continued to be a regular contributor here until the early 1900s.[4] She also exhibited at the Royal Glasgow Institute, the Paris Salon and the Society of Women Artists and was a member of the South Wales Art Society between 1896 and 1900.[2][1] Several examples of Downing's work are on display at the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff including a life-size bronze figure entitled 'Avarice' on the south west staircase.[5] An alabaster altarpiece she created as a memorial to Wilfrid Clive, who died at the age of 26 having been overcome by sulphurous volcanic fumes whilst on a visit to Dominica, can also be seen in St. Peter's Church, Wormbridge, Herefordshire.[6] Downing also used her artistic talents to support her activities as a suffragette, both by working with her fellow artist Marion Wallace-Dunlop to organise a series of dramatic processions and by selling her work to raise funds for the movement.[7] These included statuettes entitled 'A Sketch' and 'Peter Pan' in 1908 and statuettes of Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney in 1909.[3] Suffragette ActivityEdith Downing joined the Central Society for Women's Suffrage in 1903 and the London Society for Women's Suffrage in 1906. By 1908, however, she had become frustrated by the "futility of quiet work" and joined the Chelsea branch of the more radical Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) together with her sister Caroline.[3] In June 1910 Edith and Marion Wallace-Dunlop created a 'Prisoners Tableau' for the WSPU 'Prison to Citizenship' procession whilst in the following year the two collaborated on the 'Women's Coronation Procession'. This latter procession was led by Flora Drummond on horseback and included Annan Bryce dressed as Joan of Arc and 700 women and girls clothed in white to represent suffragette prisoners.[3][7] In November 1911 Downing took part in several demonstrations including one in Parliament Square which led to clashes with police and another on the 23rd of the month when she broke a window of Somerset House and was sentenced to a week in jail.[7] She was arrested again on 1 March 1912 for throwing a stone through the window of a fine art dealers in Regent Street whilst participating in a WSPU window breaking protest in the West End of London. On this occasion she was sent to Holloway Prison where she joined fellow suffragettes on hunger strike and was force fed. She was released at the end of June.[3][7] References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://www.sculpture.gla.ac.uk/view/person.php?id=smib1_1204301683|title=Miss Edith Elizabeth Downing|last=University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII|first=|date=2011|website=Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=17 May 2017}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Downing, Edith}}2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Dictionary of British Women Artists|last=Gray|first=Sara|publisher=Lutterworth Press|year=2009|isbn=|location=Cambridge|pages=94–95}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|title=The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1806-1928|last=Crawford|first=Elizabeth|publisher=University College London Press|year=1999|isbn=|location=London|pages=171–172}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title=The Royal Academy of Arts; a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from its foundation in 1769 to 1904.|last=Graves|first=Algernon|publisher=H. Groves & Co. Ltd.|year=1905|isbn=|location=London|pages=362–363}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.museum.wales/cardiff|title=National Museum Cardiff|website=National Museum Wales|language=en|access-date=2017-05-17}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.wormbridgeandst.devereaux.co.uk/History|title=Welcome to Devereaux.co.uk|website=www.wormbridgeandst.devereaux.co.uk|access-date=2017-05-17}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=http://www.spartacus-educational.com/Wdowning.htm|title=Edith Downing|work=Spartacus Educational|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en}} 6 : 1857 births|1931 deaths|Artists from Cardiff|Welsh women artists|Suffrage|Alumni of the Slade School of Art |
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