词条 | Bavarian Geographer |
释义 |
The epithet "Bavarian Geographer" ({{lang-la|Geographus Bavarus}}) is the conventional name for the anonymous author of a Latin medieval text containing a list of the tribes in central-eastern Europe, headed {{lang|la|Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii}} ({{Language with name/for||Latin|Description of cities and lands north of the Danube}}). The name "Bavarian Geographer" was first bestowed (in its French form, "{{lang|fr|Géographe de Bavière}}") in 1796 by Polish count and scholar Jan Potocki.[1] The term is now also used at times to refer to the document itself. Origin{{Hidden|header = Source text of document |content = Isti sunt, qui iuxta istorum fines resident. Osterabtrezi, in qua civitates plus quam C sunt. Miloxi, in qua civitates LXVII. Phesnuzi habent civitates LXX. Thadesi plus quam CC urbes habent. Glopeani, in qua civitates CCCC aut eo amplius. Zuireani habent civitates CCCXXV. Busani habent civitates CCXXXI. Sittici regio inmensa populis et urbibus munitissimis. Stadici, in qua civitates DXVI populousque infinitus. Sebbirozi habent civitates XC. Unlizi populus multus civitates CCCCXVIII. Neriuani habent civitates LXXVIII. Attorozi habent civitates CXLVIII, populus ferocissimus. Eptaradici habent civitates CCLXIII. Uuilerozi habent civitates CLXXX. Zabrozi habent civitates CCXII. Znetalici habent civitates LXXIIII. Aturezani habent civitates CIIII. Chozirozi habent civitates CCL. Lendizi habent civitates XCVIII. Thafnezi habent civitates CCLVII. Zeriuani, quod tantum est regnum, ut ex eo cuncte genetes Sclauorum exorte sint et originem, sicut affirmant, ducant. Prissani civitates LXX. Uelunzani civitates LXX. Bruzi plus est undique quam de Enisa ad Rhenum Uuizunbeire Caziri civitates C. Ruzzi. Forsderen. Liudi. Fresiti. Serauici. Lucolane. Ungare. Uuislane. Sleenzane civitates XV. Lunsizi civitates XXX. Dadosesani civitates XX. Milzane civitates XXX. Besunzane civitates II. Uerizane civitates X. Fraganeo civitates XL. Lupiglaa civitates XXX. Opolini civitates XX. Golensizi civitates V.}} |style = border: 1px solid #aaa; width: 40%; float: right; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; |headerstyle = padding-left: 0.5em; |contentstyle = |fw1 = |fw2 = |bg1 = LightGray|bg2 = #f9f9f9|ta1 = left|ta2 = left}} The short document, written in Latin, was discovered in 1772 in the Bavarian State Library, Munich by Louis XV's ambassador to the Saxon court, Comte Louis-Gabriel Du Buat-Nançay.[2] It had been acquired by the Wittelsbachs with the collection of the antiquarian Hermann Schädel (1410–85) in 1571. The document was much discussed in the early 19th-century historiography, notably by Nikolai Karamzin and Joachim Lelewel.[3] The document contains a list of the tribes in Central-Eastern Europe east of the Elbe and north of the Danube to the Volga rivers to the Black and Caspian Sea (most of them of Slavonic origin, with Ruzzi, and others such as Vulgarii, etc.). Absent on the list are Polans, Pomeranians and Masovians, tribes first of whom are believed to have settled along the shores of the Warta river during the 8th century,[4] as well Dulebes, Volhynians and White Croats, but instead mentioning several unknown tribes hard to identify.[5] There is also some information about the number of strongholds ({{lang-la|civitates}}) possessed by some of the tribes. Henryk Łowmiański demonstrated that the list consists of two parts, which may be datable to different periods and attributed to distinct authors.[6] The provenance of the document is disputed. Although early commentators suggested that it could have been compiled in Regensburg,[7] the list seems to have been taken from {{lang|la|Codex Reginbertinus II}}, recorded in the 9th century in the library of the Reichenau Abbey and named after a local librarian.[8] Based on these findings, Bernhard Bischoff attributes it to a monk active at Reichenau from the 830s to 850s.[9] Aleksandr Nazarenko finds it more probable that the list was composed in the 870s, when Saint Methodius is believed to have resided at Reichenau. The document may have been connected with his missions in the Slavic lands.[10] References1. ^J. Potocki. Fragments historiques et geographiques sur la Scythie, Sarmatie, et les Slaves. Brunsvic, 1796. 2. ^Le comte du Buat. Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Europe. T. 11. Paris, 1772. 3. ^J. Lelewel. Winulska Sławiańszczyzna z Geografa bawarskiego, Tygodnik Wileński, nr 47, z dn. 8 paźdzernika 1816, s. 333, i w nastęnych numerach 48–50. Also: Joachim Lelewel, Geographe du Moyen Age III, Bruxelles 1852, s.21–45. 4. ^Andrzej Buko: Archeologia Polski wczesnośredniowiecznej: odkrycia, hipotezy, interpretacje. Warszawa, 2005. 5. ^{{cite book |last=Koncha |first=S. |title=Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine |url=http://ukrbulletin.univ.kiev.ua/Visnyk-16-en/Koncha.pdf |journal=Ukrainian Studies |year=2012 |volume=12 |publisher=Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv |pages=15–21}} 6. ^Henryk Łowmiański, O identyfikacji nazw Geografa bawarskiego, Studia Źródłoznawcze, t. III: 1958, s.1–22. 7. ^Henryk Łowmiański, O pochodzeniu Geografa bawarskiego, Roczniki Historyczne, R. 20, 1955, s.9–58 8. ^The codex contains Boethius's treatise on geometry. See: Novy R. Die Anfänge des böhmischen Staates, 1: Mitteleuropa im 9. Jh. Praha, 1969. 9. ^Bernhard Bischoff. Die südostdeutschen Schreibschulen und Bibliotheken in der Karolingerzeit. Bd. 1.2. Aufl. Wiesbaden, 1960. 10. ^{{lang|ru|А. В. Назаренко. Древняя Русь на международных путях: Междисциплинарные очерки культурных, торговых, политических связей IX–XII веков}}. Moscow, 2001. Pages 52–70. Further reading
External links{{wikisource|la:Geographus Bavarus|Geographus Bavarus}}
9 : 9th-century geographers|Medieval German geographers|9th-century Latin books|Early Slavic people|Anonymous works|9th-century manuscripts|Slavic history|Writers of the Carolingian Empire|9th-century Latin writers |
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