| 词条 | Electricity sector in Portugal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The electricity use in Portugal (gross production + imports – exports – losses) was 51.2 TWh in 2008. Portugal imported 9 TWh electricity in 2008. Population was 10.6 million.[1] In 2014 electricity was generated by 30% hydroelectricity, 27% natural gas, 22% wind, 20% coal and 1% solar.[2] Main power stations{{main|List of power stations in Portugal}}Hydro{{main|List of hydroelectric power stations in Portugal}}The pumped-storage hydroelectricity plant at Frades works as 880 MW for generation and 780 MW for pumping.[3] Wind power{{Main| Wind power in Portugal}}{{Further |Wind power in the European Union}}Portugal produced 11% of electricity with wind power in 2008[4] and had the average year capacity of 14% of wind power in the end 2010. Wind power capacity was 3,357 MW in end 2009 and 3,702 MW in end 2010.[5]
Solar power{{Main| Solar power in Portugal}}In Lisbon the energy payback time (see also EROEI) in the roof top solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is less than 2 years and less than in Sydney, Munich, Athens or Barcelona, but some more than in Madrid, Los Angeles or Ankara.[10] Transmission{{external media| topic = |align=right | image1 =2004 High voltage grid of Spain and Portugal [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425002708/http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/national_energy_grid/portugal/graphics/maptra2004.pdf Archive] | image2 =Collection of current grid maps }} Redes Energéticas Nacionais manages the high voltage power lines. In 2014, Portugal had an electricity interconnection level (international transmission capacity relative to production capacity) of 7%, below the recommended 10% level.[11] References1. ^IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: 27, 54 {{Europe topic|Electricity sector in}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/energy-economics/statistical-review-2015/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2015-workbook.xlsx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-07-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620001414/http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/Energy-Economics/statistical-review-2015/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2015-workbook.xlsx |archivedate=2015-06-20 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url= http://voith.com/en/press/press-releases-99_76793.html |title=A milestone for hydropower: Successful startup of Frades II, the largest variable speed pumped storage plant in Europe|work=voith.com |date=26 July 2017|accessdate=30 July 2017}} 4. ^Pure Power EWEA December 2009 5. ^EWEA Annual statistics 2010 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/statistics/cumulative_wind_per_ms_1998_2009_ws.xls|title=Cumulative installed capacity per EU Member State 1998 - 2009 (MW)|author=EWEA Staff|publisher=European Wind Energy Association|year=2010|accessdate=2010-05-22}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/statistics/EWEA_Annual_Statistics_2010.pdf|title=EWEA Annual Statistics 2010|author=EWEA Staff|publisher=European Wind Energy Association|date=February 2011|accessdate=2011-01-31}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/statistics/Stats_2011.pdf|title=EWEA Annual Statistics 2011|author=EWEA Staff|publisher=European Wind Energy Association|date=February 2012|accessdate=2011-02-18}} 9. ^Wind in power: 2012 European statistics February 2013 10. ^Compared assessment of selected environmental indicators of photovoltaic electricity in OECD cities European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) 5/2006 11. ^ COM/2015/082 final: "Achieving the 10% electricity interconnection target" Text PDF page 2-5. European Commission, 25 February 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151225022701/http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/energy-union/docs/interconnectors_en.pdf Archive] [https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j4nvhdfdk3hydzq_j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vjs4eawsiryh Mirror] 1 : Electric power in Portugal |
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