| 词条 | Elizabeth Fish |
| 释义 |
Elizabeth Mary Jane Fish ( 22 December 1860 - 21 March 1944) was a schoolteacher and the first elected woman president of the Educational Institute of Scotland[1], the oldest teacher's trade union in the world. {{Infobox person| name = Elizabeth Mary Jane Fish | birth_date = 22 December 1860 | birth_place = Glasgow, Scotland. | death_date = 21 March 1944 | death_place = Paisley, Scotland. | known_for = First elected woman president of the EIS trade union. | mother = Jane McNaughton | father = William Fish }} Early life and educationElizabeth was born at 83 North Woodside Road in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1860[2] to Jane McNaughton and William Fish, a city missionary.[2] William was chaplain at Sharp's Institution in Perth and it was here that Elizabeth was schooled.[1] Elizabeth returned to Glasgow to become a pupil teacher, starting out at Henderson Street public school where she came first in Scotland in the Queen's Scholarship examination.[2] Following this, she went on to study at the Glasgow Church of Scotland Training College.[1] In 1885, Elizabeth graduated LLA (lady literate in arts) from St. Andrews University[1], studying French and Italian, for which she was awarded the Society of Arts medal.[2] CareerBetween 1881 and 1895, she taught for the Glasgow School Board[1]; teaching at Runford Street public school and Shields Road public school.[2] Elizabeth then went on to teach at the Pupil-Teachers Institute, Glasgow, from 1895 to 1907[1] before moving on to teach at Whitehill Higher Grade school and John Street Higher Grade school from 1907 to 1920.[1][2] Elizabeth also ran evening classes to help cure stammering and gave lectures in physiology and hygiene. She resisted calls from eugenicists to introduce 'race improvement'[2] into teaching and believed 'sex hygiene' was a parental responsibility rather than something that should be introduced into the classroom.[2] Later yearsElizabeth was president of the Scottish Modern Languages Association (SMLA) for two years and became principal teacher of Modern Languages at Bellahouston Academy in 1920 until her retirement in 1925.[2] She was a leading public figure in Glasgow and held office in the Glasgow branches of the Class Teachers' Association and the Educational Institute of Scotland (EIS) as convenor of the EIS Central Ladies Committee from 1902 onwards. [3] In June 1913, Elizabeth was elected the first woman president of the EIS. [2][1][3] She polled 4,822 votes compared with the other three male candidates whose combined vote totaled 3,068 votes.[1][2][4] Equal payIn January 1914, Elizabeth acknowledged that the question of equal pay was a controversial one for members of the Scottish and English Teachers' Associations[5] and called for improvements to teachers' salaries during her presidential address at the annual congress.[2] While condemning the low pay of women teachers, she argued that: "if we teachers ask that the salaries of all teachers be now raised to the level of what men teachers think theirs ought to be, we shall alienate the sympathies of a public not yet convinced of the justice of our demand."[2] Death and legacyElizabeth Fish died in Paisley Infirmary on 21 March 1944 after a fall at home. She was 83. The next day, her obituary in the Glasgow Herald described her as ‘the champion of women teachers in Scotland’.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{Cite book|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/62320|title=Elizabeth Fish|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/62320|year=2004}} 3. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Corr|first=Helen|date=1995-10-01|title=Dominies and Domination: Schoolteachers, Masculinity and Women in 19th century Scotland|url=https://academic.oup.com/hwj/article/40/1/151/568232/Dominies-and-Domination-Schoolteachers-Masculinity|journal=History Workshop Journal|volume=40|issue=1|pages=151–164|doi=10.1093/hwj/40.1.151|issn=1363-3554}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=X3CaHlLHrNMC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=%22Elizabeth+Fish%22+EIS#v=onepage&q=%22Elizabeth%20Fish%22%20EIS&f=false|title=The Schooling of Working-Class Girls in Victorian Scotland: Gender, Education and Identity|last=McDermid|first=Jane|date=2013-01-11|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135783389|language=en}} 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=AuiwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA195&dq=%22Elizabeth+Fish%22+EIS#v=onepage&q=%22Elizabeth%20Fish%22&f=false|title=Politics Of Everyday Life: Continuity And Change In Work And The Family|last=Corr|first=Helen|last2=Jamieson|first2=Lynn|last3=Wilkins|first3=Karin Gwinn|date=1990-05-22|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781349207053|language=en}} 9 : 1860 births|1944 deaths|Trade union leaders|Women trade unionists|19th-century Scottish women|20th-century Scottish educators|19th-century Scottish educators|Scottish schoolteachers|20th-century Scottish women |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。