| 词条 | Ella Christie |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Ella Christie | honorific_suffix = FRSGS FSAS FRGS | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pronunciation = | birth_name = Isabella Robertson Christie | birth_date = {{birth date|1861|4|21|df=y}} | birth_place = Cockpen, Scotland | baptised = | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = {{death date and age|1949|1|29|1861|4|21|df=y}} | death_place = Strathearn Road, Edinburgh | death_cause = Leukemia | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = Cowden Castle, Clackmannanshire | nationality = Scottish | other_names = | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = traveller, gardener, landowner | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | religion = | denomination = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | parents = | relatives = | callsign = | awards = | website = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} Isabella "Ella" Robertson Christie {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRSGS|FSAS|FRGS}} (21 April 1861 - 29 January 1949) was a pioneering Scottish traveller and explorer, landowner, gardener and author. Early lifeChristie was born on 21 April 1861 at Millbank in Cockpen, near Bonnyrigg, to Alison (née Philp, c.1817–1894) and John Christie (1824–1902), a Scottish industrialist and landowner. Christie had an elder brother, John Coldwells who died in childhood in his twelfth year in 1872,[1] and a younger sister, Alice Margaret.[1] In 1865 Christie's father purchased the Castleton estate in the Ochils, renaming it Cowden Castle, and the family moved there. Christie and her sister were educated at home by her parents and governesses. From an early age she made annual trips with her parents to Europe including Spain, Italy, Germany and the Low Countries. After her mother's death and her sister's marriage Christie continued to travel with her father and also alone or with a friend. She visited Egypt, Palestine and Syria and started to write about her trips. On her father's death in 1902 it was found that he had disinherited both Christie and her sister, leaving the entirety of his estate to an orphanage that he had founded without their knowledge. They contested the will and in 1903 it was settled with the estate being divided between the two sisters and the orphanage. Ella lived on at Cowden Castle and managed the estate.[2][3][4] TravelsAfter her father's death Christie's travels became more ambitious and she began to travel more widely. From 1904 to 1905 she travelled with her maid, Humphries, initially to India and then on to Kashmir, Tibet, Ceylon, Malaya and Borneo. Being well connected and carrying letters of introduction she attended a banquet with the maharaja of Kashmir and dined with Lord Kitchener. Her adventures saw her camping in the snow at Chorbat Pass, sailing in a cargo ship full of pigs, travelling by pack horse and cart in the Kashmir wilderness and trekking by foot for 60 miles in the Desoi mountains.[2] In 1907 she visited China, Korea and Japan. While in Japan Christie was fascinated by the Japanese formal style of gardening, an interest that would inspire her to create a Japanese garden at Cowden Castle.[2][3][4] In 1910 she packed a camp bed, stove, lamp, oatmeal and biscuits and travelled to Russian Turkestan. Her journey took her to Constantinople across the Black Sea, through Georgia to the Caspian Sea and onwards to Ashkabad and Merv. She travelled by train and boat along the Silk Road, visiting Buhkhara, Samarkand, Kokand, and finally to Andhizan.[2] Christie undertook a further trip to the Russian Empire in 1912. Starting in Saint Petersburg she travelled by train, steamer and droshky to Tashkent, Samarkand and Khiva. She was the first British woman to ever visit Khiva.[2] In 1914 she visited the United States and Cuba.[2] Christie kept an account of her travels in her diaries and she was in regular correspondence with her sister. She later wrote about her trips to the Russian Empire in the book Through Khiva to golden Samarkand.[5][6][7] World War IIn 1916, Christie travelled to France to become the manager of the L'Oeuvre de la Goutte de Café at Bar-sur-Aube. This network of cafés was established by the French and British Red Cross as a places for tired soldiers to relax and rest.[8] The café that Christie managed was staffed by five Scottish women and served the soldiers fighting at the Battle of Verdun. From 1918-1919 Christie oversaw another Japanese garden at Cowden CastleAfter her visit to Japan in 1907 Christie was inspired to create a seven-acre Japanese garden at her home at Cowden Castle. She employed Taki Handi, from the Royal School of Garden Design in Nagoya, to help plan and design the garden. The burn on the estate was dammed and a hollow made to create an artificial loch and a pond and island garden was developed along with a stroll garden and a tea-house garden. Plants, shrubs, trees and a traditional stone lantern were imported from Japan. The garden was named Shāh-raku-en meaning a place of pleasure or delight.[2][4][20][21] Christie was advised on the form, maintenance and development of the garden by Professor Jijo Soya Suzuki, Master of the Soami School of Imperial Design. Suzuki considered the garden to the best Japanese garden in the Western world. Shinzaburo Matsuo lived and worked at Cowden as gardener from 1925 until his death in 1937. Queen Mary visited the garden in the late 1930s.[10][11] After Christie's death in 1949 the garden was maintained by workers on the Cowden estate. In 1963 it was vandalised and the teahouses and bridges were burned and the lanterns and shrines knocked into the loch.[12] In 2014 Christie's great great niece Sara Stewart started a fundraising campaign to raise £1,000,000 to restore the garden.[4][12][13] FellowshipsChristie was a fellow Royal Geographical Society of Scotland, she was a member of council and in November 1934 she became a vice-president of the Society.[14][15] She was also a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.[2] On 15 January 1913 the Royal Geographical Society voted to allow women to be elected to become members of the Society. On 10 February 1913 Christie was in the first cohort of women to be elected Fellows.[16] DeathChristie died of leukemia on the 29 January 1949 at Strathearn Road, Edinburgh.[2][12] BooksChristie authored and co-authored several books about her travels, two of which she wrote with her sister, Alice.[17]
References1. ^1 {{Cite book|title = 'Alicella': a memoir of Alice King Stewart and Ella Christie|last = Stewart|first = Averill|publisher = John Murray|year = 1955|isbn = |location = London|pages = 4}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Christie, Ella}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite web|title = Isabella Christie|url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/55607|website = www.oxforddnb.com|access-date = 2016-01-16|last = Baker|first = Anne Pimlott|date = 2004|publisher = Oxford University Press}} 3. ^1 {{Cite book|title = The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Zs6qBgAAQBAJ|publisher = Edinburgh University Press|date = 2006-03-08|isbn = 9780748626601|first = Elizabeth L.|last = Ewan|first2 = Sue|last2 = Innes|first3 = Sian|last3 = Reynolds|first4 = Rose|last4 = Pipes}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title = Gardening Women: Their Stories From 1600 to the Present|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RKqMMceJjukC|publisher = Little, Brown Book Group|date = 2010-05-06|isbn = 9780748118335|first = Catherine|last = Horwood}} 5. ^{{Cite web|title = Isabella Christie|url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/55607|website = www.oxforddnb.com|access-date = 2016-01-16|last = Baker|first = Anne Pimlott|date = 2004|publisher = Oxford University Press}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title = The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Zs6qBgAAQBAJ|publisher = Edinburgh University Press|date = 2006-03-08|isbn = 9780748626601|first = Elizabeth L.|last = Ewan|first2 = Sue|last2 = Innes|first3 = Sian|last3 = Reynolds|first4 = Rose|last4 = Pipes}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title = Gardening Women: Their Stories From 1600 to the Present|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RKqMMceJjukC|publisher = Little, Brown Book Group|date = 2010-05-06|isbn = 9780748118335|first = Catherine|last = Horwood}} 8. ^{{Cite web|title = Full text of "For dauntless France, an account of Britain's aid to the French wounded and victims of the war;"|url = https://archive.org/stream/fordauntlessfran00biny/fordauntlessfran00biny_djvu.txt|website = archive.org|access-date = 2016-01-17|pages = 190–191}} 9. ^{{Cite book|title = The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Zs6qBgAAQBAJ|publisher = Edinburgh University Press|date = 2006-03-08|isbn = 9780748626601|first = Elizabeth L.|last = Ewan|first2 = Sue|last2 = Innes|first3 = Sian|last3 = Reynolds|first4 = Rose|last4 = Pipes}} 10. ^{{Cite web|title = Recognition for Japanese garden at Cowden Castle|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-23970528|website = BBC News|access-date = 2016-01-17}} 11. ^{{Citation|title = The Japanese Garden at Cowden Castle|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i2IMYh_kT0|date = 2014-09-22|accessdate = 2016-01-17}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url = http://www.fineartcommissions.com/cowden/pdf/the-japanese-garden-at-cowden-castle-restoration-appeal.pdf|title = The Japanese Garden, Cowden Castle, Scotland. A restoration appeal|last = Stewart|first = Sara|date = 2014|work = |access-date = 17 January 2015|via = }} 13. ^1 {{Cite web|title = Historic Scotland {{!}} The Japanese Garden at Cowden Castle|url = http://www.fineartcommissions.com/cowden/historic-scotland.html|website = www.fineartcommissions.com|access-date = 2016-01-17}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 14. ^{{Cite web|url = http://search.proquest.com/hnpscotsman/docview/480922177/4039BFFC3B7E44F7PQ|title = Geographical Society|date = 1 November 1935|access-date = 16 January 2016|website = The Scotsman newspaper archive 1921-1950|publisher = Proquest|last = |first = }} 15. ^{{Cite journal|title = Royal Scottish geographical society proceedings|journal = Scottish Geographical Magazine|date = 1949-04-01|issn = 0036-9225|pages = 63–64|volume = 65|issue = 1|doi = 10.1080/00369224908735405}} 16. ^{{Cite journal|title = The Admission of Women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914; the Controversy and the Outcome|jstor = 3059652|journal = The Geographical Journal|date = 1996-01-01|pages = 295–312|volume = 162|issue = 3|doi = 10.2307/3059652|first = Morag|last = Bell|first2 = Cheryl|last2 = McEwan}} 17. ^{{Cite web|title = WorldCat.org|url = http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%253AChristie%252C+Ella+R.&fq=&dblist=638&qt=sort&se=yr&sd=asc&qt=sort_yr_asc|website = www.worldcat.org|access-date = 2016-01-16}} 10 : 1861 births|1949 deaths|Scottish travel writers|Women of the Victorian era|Women travel writers|Female explorers|Female travelers|Scottish explorers|Scottish gardeners|Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society |
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