| 词条 | Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park | photo = Bayard cutting arboretum.jpg | photo_width = 325px | photo_caption = View of the Bayard Cutting Arboretum | map = New York | map_size = | map_caption = Location of Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park within New York State | coords = {{coord|40|44|9.1|N|73|09|44.5|W|type:landmark_region:US-NY|display=title,inline}} | type = State park, arboretum | location = 440 Montauk Highway Great River, New York[1] | nearest_city = Great River, New York | area = {{convert|691|acre|km2}}[2] | created = {{Start date|1936}}[3] | operator = New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation | visitation_num = 225,456 | visitation_year = 2014 | visitation_ref = [3] | open = All year | camp_sites = | other_info = | website = Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park | embedded = | embed = yes | name =Bayard Cutting Estate | nrhp_type = hd | nocat = yes | architect = Charles Haight, Frederick Law Olmsted | architecture = Tudor | added = October 2, 1973 | area = {{convert|750|acre}} | refnum = 73001271[4] }} }}Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park is a {{convert|691|acre|km2|adj=on}} state park located in the hamlet of Great River, New York, on Long Island.[2] The park includes an arboretum designed by Frederick Law Olmsted for William Bayard Cutting in 1886,[7] as well as a mansion designed by Charles C. Haight.[5][6] Cutting purchased the property in 1881.[7] The house at the heart of the park, Westbrook, is modeled on a Tudor-style English country house.[7] The interior of the 60-room mansion features large pieces of oak furniture, stained-glass windows, and imported fireplaces. Views of the Connetquot River can be seen from across the open lawn.[7] On June 18, 1936, the Long Island State Park Commission was gifted 200 acres of the Cutting estate for use as an arboretum by Mrs. Bayard James, daughter of William Cutting, with the stipulation that she and her mother keep full use of the property as long as either is living.[8] Both the house and property were given to the people of Long Island "to provide an oasis of beauty and quiet for the pleasure, rest, and refreshment of those who delight in outdoor beauty; and to bring about a greater appreciation and understanding of the value and importance of informal planting".[2][9] William Bayard Cutting, a prominent New York City lawyer, died on March 1, 1912 due to complications from heart disease.[10] He was 62 years old.[11] Cutting is buried in the family vault at Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[12] His widow, Mrs. Olivia Cutting, inherited over $9 million from his estate when it was probated in 1913.[13] The Long Island State Park Commission took over control of the park on Dec. 1, 1952. An endowment fund of $1,000,000 was set up by Mrs. Cutting. She died November 15, 1949 [14] Alterations were made to the property including the addition of bathrooms and parking lots and adding a tearoom to the main house.[9][14] Improvements were also made to roads and paths.[15] It officially opened to the public on May 15, 1954.[16] In keeping with the purpose of the gift, the commission decided that there would be no picnicking, bathing, horseback riding or playgrounds allowed on the property.[15] The first tree specimens came from England.[7] Other trees in the park included: firs, spruces, pines, hemlock, cedar and yews originating from Europe, Spain, Greece, Japan, China and Africa.[6] More parking spaces were added the following year to accommodate more visitors. Extensions were also made to trails and walks[17] The park has a variety of nature trails including: the Woodland Garden Walk, the Perennial Garden Walk, the River Walk, the New Pinetum Walk, the Old Pinetum Walk, the Holly Walk, the Paradise Island Walk and the Royce Rhododendron Walk.[18] The park has recreational programs, and there is a food and a gift shop at Westbrook. Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park is one of the last remaining estates on the South Shore of Long Island. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973 as a historic district.[4] The Bayard Cutting Arboretum Horticultural Society, founded in 1974, donates profits of its activities to help support the Westbrook Manor. As part of its fundraising activities, the organization operates Granny's Attic located in the lower carriage house and hosts two plant sales a year.[19] Recent Westbrook Manor projects funded in part by the Horticultural Society include: porch restoration, porch pillars restoration, new carpeting, Tiffany windows restoration and floor sanding.[20] The Bayard Cutting Arboretum farm was established in 2012.[21] It was the first Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program in the New York State park system.[22] The farm produces over 150 varieties of vegetables and berries and also grows culinary herbs and flowers. There are 150 hens providing eggs to members of the CSA program.[23] The park winter hours (November-March) are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Summer hours (April-October) are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.[24] HistoryCharles Sprague Sargent, director of the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, advised in developing the extensive conifer collection north of the carriage house.[37] Cutting also was in touch with Ernest Wilson, who was sponsored by Harvard University to bring back tree specimens from China.[37]Two hurricanes affected the state park. In 1954, Hurricane Carol destroyed over 70 trees[25] but much more damage was done when over 1,000 of some of the most mature trees were lost in Hurricane Gloria in 1985.[26] William Bayard Cutting's grandfather, Robert Cutting, had been Robert Fulton's partner in the ferry from Brooklyn to New York; they married sisters who were daughters of Walter Livingston. Cutting developed railroad interests in West India; his son was a pioneer in refining sugar from sugar beets. In 1895 Cutting and his brother installed a golf course at Westbrook, which was the first private golf course in the United States.[5] The course was designed by Willie Dunn who had also created the Shinnecock Hills golf course in Southampton.[27] It was a nine-hole course and for many years hosted the Westbrook Cup tournament.[28] When a fire in 1895 burned down many of the farm buildings, Stanford White was commissioned to draw the plans for a modern dairy, Westbrook Farms, with many innovative features. In 1899, a hunting lodge, made only of cedar logs, was built on the property. There was an earthen floor and a stone fireplace complete with irons and spits. Wooden pegs were used as hangers. The cabin was modeled after those used by pioneers.[29] The original rhododendrons at the arboretum came from nurseries in England in the early 1900s.[30] See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/parks/95/getting-there.aspx |title=Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park - Getting There |website=Parks.ny.gov |date= |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |accessdate=December 28, 2015}} Further reading2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/parks/95/details.aspx |title=Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park |website=Parks.ny.gov |date= |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |accessdate=December 27, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://data.ny.gov/Recreation/State-Park-Annual-Attendance-Figures-by-Facility-B/8f3n-xj78 |title=State Park Annual Attendance Figures by Facility: Beginning 2003 |website=Data.ny.gov |date= |author= |accessdate=December 28, 2015}} 4. ^1 {{NRISref|version=2010a}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=8676|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Bayard Cutting Estate|date=September 1973|accessdate=2010-02-20|author=Lynn Beebe Weaver|publisher=New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010192558/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=8676|archivedate=2012-10-10|df=}} See also: {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=8704|title=Accompanying six photos}} 6. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn84031477/1952-12-05/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=01%2F01%2F1950&index=5&date2=12%2F31%2F1960&searchType=advanced&SearchType=prox5&sequence=0&words=Arboretum+Bayard+Cutting&proxdistance=5&to_year=1960&rows=20&ortext=&from_year=1950&proxtext=bayard+cutting+arboretum+&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=4|title=State Takes Over Cutting Arboretum|last=|first=|date=December 5, 1952|work=Suffolk County News|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewsday/docview/898263483/BD3AA35868FE4E05PQ/1?accountid=46230|title=Great Estates Now Earn Their Keep|last=Clinton|first=Audrey|date=July 21, 1959|work=Newsday|access-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/101861109/49F49C1BCB574708PQ/1?accountid=46230|title=Cutting Property Donated to State|last=|first=|date=June 19, 1936|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 5, 2018}} 9. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewsday/docview/898073723/334CE83ED49D4E57PQ/1?accountid=46230|title=New LI State Park is a Garden of Trees|last=|first=|date=December 1, 1952|work=Newsday|access-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/97293846/A5DBDE4C5F7A40D8PQ/1?accountid=46230|title=Weak Heart Killed Cutting|last=|first=|date=March 3, 1912|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/97329826/96D69AB34F6C4184PQ/16?accountid=46230|title=Death Notices|last=|first=|date=March 4, 1912|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/97318298/755A4835D404450FPQ/1?accountid=46230|title=Wm. B. Cutting's Funeral|last=|first=|date=March 7, 1912|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/97360564/96D69AB34F6C4184PQ/5?accountid=46230|title=Wm. B. Cutting Left $10,906,480|last=|first=|date=August 20, 1913|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 5, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 14. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn95071064/1954-05-13/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=01%2F01%2F1950&index=8&date2=12%2F31%2F1960&searchType=advanced&SearchType=prox5&sequence=0&words=Arboretum+Bayard+Cutting&proxdistance=5&to_year=1960&rows=20&ortext=&from_year=1950&proxtext=bayard+cutting+arboretum+&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1|title=Saturday Opening Day for Cutting Arborteum|last=|first=|date=May 13, 1954|work=The Leader|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 15. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/112887212/472620AF998F47F7PQ/1?accountid=46230|title=Shore Arboretum to Open Saturday|last=|first=|date=May 10, 1954|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 5, 2018}} 16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewsday/pdfprintview/https:$2f$2fmedia.proquest.com$2fmedia$2fpq$2fhnp$2fdoc$2f2098599272$2ffmt$2fai$2frep$2fNONE$3fpf$3dT$26hl$3dcutting$252Ccuttings$252Carboretum$252Carboretums$252Cbayard$252Cbayards$26cit$253Aauth$3d$26cit$253Atitle$3dNew$2bLI$2bPublic$2bPark$2bTo$2bOpen$2bSaturday$26cit$253Apub$3dNewsday$2b$25281940-1989$2529$26cit$253Avol$3d$26cit$253Aiss$3d$26cit$253Apg$3d15$26cit$253Adate$3dMay$2b10$252C$2b1954$26ic$3dtrue$26cit$253Aprod$3dProQuest$2bHistorical$2bNewspapers$253A$2bNewsday$26_a$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$253D$26_s$3dmFVCksEqIvGF5G9LlW8aBYE3GtY$253D?accountid=46230|title=New LI Public Park to Open Saturday|last=|first=|date=May 10, 1954|work=Newsday|access-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn86071739/1955-04-28/ed-1/seq-27/#date1=01%2F01%2F1950&index=13&date2=12%2F31%2F1960&searchType=advanced&SearchType=prox5&sequence=0&words=arboretum+Bayard+Cutting&proxdistance=5&to_year=1960&rows=20&ortext=&from_year=1950&proxtext=bayard+cutting+arboretum+&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1|title=Arboretum to Open Saturday With More Parking, Trails|last=|first=|date=April 28, 1955|work=The Patchogue Advance|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayardcuttingarboretum.com/visit/visitor-map/|title=Park Map|last=|first=|date=|website=Bayard Cutting Arboretum|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 3, 2018}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bcahortsociety.org/|title=Bayard Cutting Arboretum Horticultural Society Home Page|last=|first=|date=|website=Bayard Cutting Arboretum Horticultural Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 31, 2018}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bcahortsociety.org/donationscontributions/|title=BCAHS Funded Projects|last=|first=|date=|website=Bayard Cutting Arboretum Horticultural Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 31, 2018}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayardcuttingarboretum.com/farm/about-the-farm/|title=About the Farm|last=|first=|date=|website=Bayard Cutting Arboretum|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 29, 2018}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs110/1108652353464/archive/1118608856685.html|title=Park-to-Table: A New Way to Connect to State Parks Takes Root|last=|first=|date=September 2014|website=Park Connect - Issue 17|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 29, 2018}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayardcuttingarboretum.com/farm/csa-program/|title=CSA Program|last=|first=|date=|website=Bayard Cutting Arboretum|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 29, 2018}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayardcuttingarboretum.com/visit/hours-and-fees/|title=Hours and Fees|last=|first=|date=|website=Bayard Cutting Arboretum|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 3, 2018}} 25. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewsday/docview/875214780/844C587A2F647BAPQ/1?accountid=46230|title=New State Sanctuary for Trees|last=Green|first=Stan|date=October 14, 1954|work=Newsday|access-date=April 10, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 26. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn84031477/1998-02-12/ed-1/seq-13/#date1=01%2F01%2F1998&city=&date2=12%2F31%2F1998&searchType=advanced&SearchType=prox5&sequence=0&lccn=&index=11&words=Arboretum+Bayard+Cutting&proxdistance=5&county=Suffolk&to_year=1998&rows=20&ortext=&from_year=1998&proxtext=bayard+cutting+arboretum+&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1|title=Bayard Cutting Arboretum Bridges Beauty and Environment|last=Leuzzi|first=Linda|date=February 13, 1998|work=Suffolk County News|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 27. ^{{Cite journal|last=Wittlock, Sr.|first=Lavern A.|date=September 1986|title=The Story of Westbrook|url=|journal=Long Island Forum|volume=XLIX|pages=188|via=}} 28. ^{{Cite book|title=Long Island Golf|last=Carlucci|first=Phil|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9781467123594|location=Charleston, South Carolina|pages=13}} 29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/95746861/B792A80BD3DF4231PQ/1?accountid=46230|title=Mr. Cutting's Log Cabin|last=|first=|date=August 21, 1899|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 30. ^{{Cite news|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn84031180/1954-06-10/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=01%2F01%2F1950&index=4&date2=12%2F31%2F1960&searchType=advanced&SearchType=prox5&sequence=0&words=Arboretum+Bayard+Cutting&proxdistance=5&to_year=1960&rows=20&ortext=&from_year=1950&proxtext=bayard+cutting+arboretum+&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=2|title=Rhododendron Week at Cutting Arboretum|last=|first=|date=June 10, 1954|work=Northport Journal|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
External links
8 : Arboreta in New York (state)|Islip (town), New York|Robert Moses projects|Parks in Suffolk County, New York|State parks of New York (state)|Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)|Protected areas established in 1936|1936 establishments in New York (state) |
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