| 词条 | 12th G7 summit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| summit_name = 12th G7 summit | image = State Guest-House Akasaka Palace.JPG | caption = State Guesthouse, Akasaka Palace[1] | country = Japan | dates = May 4–6, 1986 | follows = 11th G7 summit | precedes = 13th G7 summit }} The 12th G7 Summit was held in Tokyo, Japan between May 4 and May 6, 1986. The venue for the summit meetings was the State Guesthouse in Tokyo, Japan.[2] The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976)[3] and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).[4] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.[5] Leaders at the summitThe G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.[4] The 12th G7 summit was the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi. ParticipantsThese summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:[6][2][7]
IssuesThe summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[5] GallerySee also
Notes1. ^Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; State Guest House, Akasaka Palace {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104230447/http://www8.cao.go.jp/geihinkan/akasaka/akasaka-e.html# |date=2013-11-04 }}; retrieved 2013-6-19. 2. ^1 Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past. 3. ^Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5gP5XYiqk?url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists |date=2009-04-29 }} Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the Group of Eight (G7) with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997. 4. ^1 Reuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008. 5. ^1 Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&pg=PA205&dq=G7+summit&client=firefox-a#PPA205,M1 Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.] 6. ^Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV)," {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603074840/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx |date=June 3, 2010 }} Brookings. March 27, 2009; "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602190742/http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ |date=June 2, 2010 }} 7. ^MOFA: Summit (12); European Union: "EU and the G8" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226165606/http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php |date=2007-02-26 }} References
External links
9 : G7 summits|1986 in Japan|Diplomatic conferences in Japan|20th-century diplomatic conferences|1986 conferences|1986 in international relations|History of Tokyo|1980s in Tokyo|May 1986 events |
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