“Erich Garske”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Erich Garske was born in 1907. He was a technical draftsman by profession. In January 1933, when the Nazis took power, he was already a member of the Communist Party. The Nazis lost little time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Party political activity became illegal, and after the Reichstag Fire in February 1933, the authorities devoted particular energy to outlawing activities undertaken on behalf of the Communist Party. Garske nevertheless remained politically active, producing satirical cartoons for the illegal newspapers produced by peace activists.^[1]

1933 was also the year in which Erich Garske married Charlotte Schaepe. By the end of 1933 many German communist activists had been arrested, while others had fled into exile. The Garskes did not emigrate and were not, in the short term, arrested. Indeed, when the Communist Party in exile smuggled people back into Germany from Prague, Moscow or Paris to work on party matters, one of the places where they might be hidden and accommodated was in the Garskes' apartment in central Berlin. As early as 1934 they secretly accommodated {{Interlanguage link multi|Eugen Schwebinghaus|de}}, a close party colleague of Robert Stamm.^[3] From 1942 their Berlin apartment was the work-place and a communications hub for "Alfred".^[4] Erich Garske was able to help Alfred in his work by producing satirical drawings and other art work for illegal party publications, notably with a news journal called "Der Friedenskämpfer" ("The Fighter for Peace").^[3] "Alfred" was the code name used by {{Interlanguage link multi|Wilhelm Knöchel|de}}, an exceptionally effective communist resistance organiser.^[4]

Erich Garske and Wilhelm Knöchel were arrested at the Garskes' home by the Gestapo on 30 January 1943.^[3]^[5] Charlotte was arrested on 17 February 1943.^[3] On 9 November 1943 the special "People's Court" sentenced Erich and Charlotte Garske to death.^[3] Erich was killed - sources use the verb "murdered" - on 13 December 1943, Charlotte Garske on 16 December 1943, both at the punishment prison at Berlin-Plötzensee.^[1]

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=https://www.die-linke.de/partei/zusammenschluesse/kommunistische-plattform-der-partei-die-linke/mitteilungen-der-kommunistischen-plattform/detail/browse/36/zurueck/archiv-2/artikel/vor-70-jahren-wurden-charlotte-und-erich-garske-ermordet/ |title=Vor 70 Jahren wurden Charlotte und Erich Garske ermordet|date=December 2013|publisher=Partei DIE LINKE, Berlin| author=Eberhard Butter|accessdate=8 March 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|page=4|url=http://www.nabu-dahmeland.de/upload/Dokumente/Jahrebuch/2001/de%20Bryn_Denkmale.pdf| title=Markenzeichen einer Region – Denkmaleimöstlichen Teil des ... Naturparks Dahme-Heideseen| author=Wolfgang de Bruyn| date=2001| publisher=Naturschutzbund Deutschland NABU - Regionalverband Dahmeland, Heidesee |accessdate=8 March 2017}}
3. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html?ID=4332|author1=Hermann Weber|author2=Andreas Herbst|title=Garske, Charlotte * 4.12.1906, † 30.1.1943| work=Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten|publisher=Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin| accessdate=8 March 2017}}
4. ^¹{{cite book|author=Thomas Gebauer|title=Das KPD-Dezernat der Gestapo Düsseldorf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSUjBCd6OZ0C&pg=PA496|year=2011|publisher=disserta Verlag| isbn=978-3-942109-74-1| pages=496–501}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html?ID=4595|author1=Hermann Weber|author2=Andreas Herbst|title=Knöchel, Wilhelm * 8.11.1899, † 12.6.1944| work=Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten|publisher=Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin| accessdate=28 November 2016}}

Biography

References