“Erol Dora”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Erol Dora (born 2 February 1964 in Hassana near Silopi) is a lawyer and parliamentary politician of Turkey. A member of the ethnic Aramean^[1] minority in Turkey, he is a well-known advocate for minority rights, particularly the human rights situation of Turkey's Christian minorities.

In the 2011 general election Dora became the first ethnic Aramean member of the Turkish Parliament, and the first Christian MP since 1960. Since 2014 a member of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), he was reelected in the consecutive June and November 2015 elections.

Early life and education

Dora was born 1964 to Enver and Kespu Dora,^[2] a Syriac Orthodox family in the small, all-Christian^[3] village of Hassana, easternmost settlement of the Tur Abdin. This ethnically diverse region near the border triangle with Syria and Iraq is the traditional home of the Syriac Orthodox community in Turkey, which speaks a variety of the Aramaic language. In the 1980s and 1990s, almost all of them however fled to Istanbul or Western Europe, after the Turkish military forcibly "evacuated" and effectively depopulated thousands of villages. Hassana, where Dora spent his early childhood, was one of these villages abandoned in the 1990s.^[4]

Aged nine, Dora moved to Istanbul,^[3] where he attended the Armenian boarding school and orphanage Kamp Armen.^[5] Following his studies of law at Ankara University, he was drafted to attend his military service in Malatya, but was released early after paying the Bedelli askerlik.

Professional and political career

Following his studies, Dora returned to Istanbul practising as a lawyer, often defending Christians in trials.^[6] In 2004, he became a founding member^[7] and vice president^[8] of the first civic association of Assyrians/Syriacs since the 1980 military coup, the Mesopotamia Culture and Solidarity Association (Mezopotamya Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği, or MEZODER).^[9]

In the 2011 general election, Dora became an independent candidate for the Labour, Democracy and Freedom Bloc. He was elected in the Mardin constituency to become the first Aramean member of the Grand National Assembly ever, and the first Christian MP since 1960. Though affiliated with the pro-minority Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), he told the Vatican Insider that he joined Parliament "as a free man" and wouldn't answer to any party.^[10]

In late 2013, Dora however became one of the forerunner MPs to support the formation of the new Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP),^[11] which he later joined.

He was reelected in the consecutive June and November elections of 2015. In November 2015, Dora and Mithat Sancar joined fellow MPs Gülser Yıldırım and Ali Atalan in their hunger strike to protest the ongoing state of exception curfew in the border town of Nusaybin, where since November 13^[12] and under the pretext of operating against militant YDG-H members, 70% of the neighborhoods have been cut from electricity, 30% from water supply.^[13]

Positions

State expropriation of Christian minorities

In the long-standing dispute on the Turkish state's confiscation of Aramean property, Dora, along with various Aramean diaspora organizations, demands a reversal of the expropriations and a return to the status quo ante. In June 2014, Dora sponsored a parliamentary motion demanding a parliamentary inquiry into the issue, which is also controversial within the Kurdish communities.^[14]

Stating that there was still "no rule of law in the region, only the rule of force,"^[14] he proposed a scholarly commission to settle the land-claims of Syriac and Yezidi minorities. Most of them had emigrated when during the late 1980s "low-density war" thousands of Kurdish and Aramean villages were forcibly "evacuated" and effectively depopulated, leaving the villagers as refugees in their own land.^[15]

Current situation of Christian minorities

During the PKK's unilateral cease-fire, Dora appreciated what in 2003 he called an "atmosphere of peace" that had played a significant role in encouraging Arameans to consider a return to their Southern Anatolian homeland.^[16] In 2011, Dora still said: "Europe has the impression that Turkey is moving towards Islam and that it is a country that is becoming less secular. But as far as I am concerned, there isn't much of a difference between the past and the present, the situation is more or less the same and one of the things that has changed for the better is in fact the situation for Christians."^[10]

In the issue of history school books denigrating Armenians and Syriac Christians, Dora however acknowledged that hostile phrasings appeared there only relatively recently.^[17] The textbooks were found to distort historical information portraiting the Christian minorities as traitors, supposedly to help justify the genocides against Christians in the outgoing Ottoman Empire.^[18] To discuss the issue originally raised by fourteen Syriac civil and religious organizations,^[19] Dora met education minister Ömer Dinçer on 15 December 2011^[20] and raised the issue in parliament.^[19] Eventually the ministry promised the revision of a particularly problematic textbook,^[21] which however turned into the opposite, as the revised version of the textbook doesn't only portray Arameans as traitors in the past, but now also claims that even today's Arameans continued their betrayal of Turkey.^[22]

Lately, Dora supported the – ultimately successful – months of protest against destruction of the historic Armenian community property Kamp Armen in Istanbul, where he himself was once raised and educated. Visiting the site in May 2015, he stated that "Kamp Armen will be a significant symbol that provides an answer to that question."^[23]

Regarding the mass exodus of Christians from Iraq, Dora asked the United Nations and the USA to "intervene to defend them but without creating a civil conflict."^[10]

Personal life

Dora is married and father of three children. Apart from his Aramaic native language, he speaks Turkish, Kurdish, Armenian and English.

References

1. ^https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article13422332/Christ-koennte-ins-tuerkische-Parlament-einziehen.html
2. ^{{cite web |title=CV of Erol Dora |url=https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/milletvekillerimiz_sd.bilgi?p_donem=26&p_sicil=6965 |publisher=Grand National Assembly of Turkey |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
3. ^¹{{cite web |author=Thomas Seibert |title=Source of Hope for the Christian Minority |work=Qantara.de |url=http://en.qantara.de/content/the-syrian-orthodox-lawyer-erol-dora-source-of-hope-for-the-christian-minority |date=15 June 2011 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web |author=Thomas Seibert |title=Hope is high for man who may become Turkey's first Christian MP for 50 year |work=The National |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/europe/hope-is-high-for-man-who-may-become-turkeys-first-christian-mp-for-50-year |date=10 June 2011 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Historic camp for Armenian orphans to be destroyed for luxury homes |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/national_historic-camp-for-armenian-orphans-to-be-destroyed-for-luxury-homes_379220.html |work=Today's Zaman |date=28 April 2015 |accessdate=21 November 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121222050/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_historic-camp-for-armenian-orphans-to-be-destroyed-for-luxury-homes_379220.html |archivedate=21 November 2015 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite news |title=A Christian lawyer elected to Parliament: new hope for the country |agency=Agenzia Fides |via=News.va |url=http://www.news.va/en/news/asiaturkey-a-christian-lawyer-elected-to-parliamen |date=14 June 2011 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Türkiye'nin ilk Süryani Milletvekili |trans-title=Turkey's first Süryani Deputy |language=tr |url=http://www.suryaniler.com/haberler.asp?id=774 |date=12 June 2011 |accessdate=21 November 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122070655/http://www.suryaniler.com/haberler.asp?id=774 |archivedate=22 November 2015 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite book |author=Şeyhmus Diken |title=Türkiye'de Sivil Hayat |trans-title=Civil Society in Turkey |publisher=Sivil Toplum Geliştirme Programı |date=April 2005 |url=http://panel.stgm.org.tr/vera/app/var/files/t/u/turkiyede-sivil-hayat.pdf |language=tr |page=159 ff.}}
9. ^{{cite book |author=Naures Atto |title=Hostages in the Homeland, Orphans in the Diaspora |publisher=Leiden University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-8728-148-9 |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/17919/THESIS-FINAL-ALL-15-Friday.pdf |page=130}}
10. ^¹²{{cite web |author=Allessandro Speciale |title="The situation for Christians in Turkey has improved" |work=Vatican Insider |url=http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/world-news/detail/articolo/turchia-turkey-diritti-delle-minoranze-religiose-rights-of-religious-minorities-derechos-minor/ |date=1 August 2011 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web |author=Göksel Bozkurt |title=BDP eyes forming alliance with main opposition CHP in Turkish local elections |work=Hürriyet Daily News |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/bdp-eyes-forming-alliance-main-oppositon-chp-in-turkish-local-elections.aspx?pageID=238&nID=56056&NewsCatID=341 |date=11 October 2013 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web |title=2 HDP deputies go on hunger strike to end days-long Nusaybin curfew |work=Today's Zaman |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/national_2-hdp-deputies-go-on-hunger-strike-to-end-days-long-nusaybin-curfew_404768.html |date=19 November 2015 |accessdate=21 November 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120205711/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_2-hdp-deputies-go-on-hunger-strike-to-end-days-long-nusaybin-curfew_404768.html |archivedate=20 November 2015 |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web |author=Rifat Başaran |title=Four HDP MPs start curfew hunger strike against Nusaybin curfew |work=Hürriyet Daily News |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/four-hdp-mps-start-curfew-hunger-strike-against-nusaybin-curfew.aspx?pageID=238&nID=91467&NewsCatID=341 |date=21 November 2015 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
14. ^¹{{cite book |author=Susanne Güsten |title=The Syriac Property Issue in Tur Abdin |location=Istanbul & Essen |publisher=Sabanci University; Stiftung Mercator Initiative |date=June 2015 |isbn=978-605-4348-97-8 |url=http://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/en/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/The-Syriac-Property-Issue-in-Tur-Abdin-Susanne-Gusten.pdf |pages=7; 11}}
15. ^{{cite web |author=Ali Bariş Kurt |title=Dora: HDP Considering Commission On Syriac And Yezidi Issues |url=https://rojavareport.wordpress.com/2014/07/01/dora-hdp-considering-commission-on-syriac-and-yezidi-issues/ |date=1 July 2014 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web |author=Amberin Zaman |title=Christians Return to Native Turkey |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/aug/10/world/fg-turkey10 |date=10 August 2003 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web |author=Vercihan Ziflioğlu |title=History books to exclude discrimination |work=Hürriyet Daily News |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/history-books-to-exclude--discrimination.aspx?pageID=238&nID=9302&NewsCatID=339 |date=16 December 2011 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
18. ^{{cite book |author=Soner Önder |chapter=Minority Rights in Turkey: Quo Vadis, Assyrians? |editors=P.H. Omtzigt, Markus K. Tozman, and Andrea Tyndall |title=The Slow Disappearance of the Syriacs from Turkey and of the Grounds of the Mor Gabriel Monastery |publisher=LIT |location=Münster |isbn=978-3-643-90268-9 |url={{Google books|no5_QSBVq7kC|page=104|plainurl=y}} |pages=99–120; here: 104}}
19. ^¹{{cite journal |author=Timotheos Samuel Aktaş |title=Report about the Current Situation in Turabdin |url=http://www.suryoyo.uni-goettingen.de/library/samuelaktas-turabdin2012-en.pdf |date=24 February 2012 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
20. ^{{cite news |author=Abdulmesih BarAbraham |title=Conference in Munich Highlighted Assyrian Human Rights Issues |agency=AINA |url=http://www.aina.org/news/20120107170004.htm |date=7 January 2012 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web |author=Vercihan Ziflioğlu |title=Racist terms set to be excluded from books |work=Hürriyet Daily News |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/racist-terms-set-to-be-excluded-from-books.aspx?pageID=238&nID=26775&NewsCatID=339 |date=1 August 2012 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
22. ^{{cite news |title=Negative Portrayal of Assyrians Remains in Turkish School Book Despite Promises of Removal |agency=AINA |url=http://www.aina.org/news/20121024190017.htm |date=24 October 2012 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web |author=Fatih Gökhan Diler |title=HDP MP Erol Dora returns to Kamp Armen in meaningful visit |work=Agos |url=http://www.agos.com.tr/en/article/11617/hdp-mp-erol-dora-returns-to-kamp-armen-in-meaningful-visit |date=18 May 2015 |accessdate=21 November 2015}}