| 释义 |
- Etymology
- Description
- Reproduction
- Species
- References
{{automatic taxobox
| image = Emerald Glass Frog (Centrolene prosoblepon) lightbox cropped.png
| image_caption = Espadarana prosoblepon
| taxon = Espadarana
| authority = Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009[1]
| type_species = Centrolenella andina
| type_species_authority = Rivero, 1968
}}Espadarana is a genus of glass frogs.[2][ They are found in Central America (Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama) and northern South America (Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador).[2]]EtymologyThe generic name Espadarana honors Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, a Spanish zoologist. Among other things, he described the first centrolenid frog, Centrolene geckoideum in 1872. Moreover, the Spanish word espada means "sword", which can be associated with the humeral spines that adult male Espadarana have.[1] DescriptionThe diagnostic characters of Espadarana include conspicuous humeral spines present in adult males, as hinted in their name. There is moderate webbing between third and fourth fingers. The dorsum is lavender in preserved individuals and may have spots. Internal features include green bones (in live specimens), lobed liver covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum, whereas the ventral parietal peritoneum is white in its anterior part and transparent in its poster part. The digestive tract is translucent. In terms of osteology, Espadarana possess vomerine teeth and quadratojugal bone that is articulating with maxilla.[1] ReproductionIn Espadarana, males call while sitting on leaves or branches. The eggs are deposited on leaves over streams.[1] SpeciesThe genus contains five species:[2] - Espadarana andina (Rivero, 1968)
- Espadarana audax (Lynch and Duellman, 1973)
- Espadarana callistomma (Guayasamin and Trueb, 2007)
- Espadarana durrellorum (Cisneros-Heredia, 2007)
- Espadarana prosoblepon (Boettger, 1892)
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Centrolenidae/Centroleninae/Espadarana |title=Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2016 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=13 February 2017}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal| last1 = Guayasamin| first1 = J. M.| last2 = Castroviejo-Fisher| first2 = S.| last3 = Trueb| first3 = L.| last4 = Ayarzagüena| first4 = J.| last5 = Rada| first5 = M.| last6 = Vilà| first6 = C.| year = 2009| title = Phylogenetic systematics of glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni| journal = Zootaxa| volume = 2100| pages = 1–97| url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2009/zt02100.html}}
[1][2]
}}{{commons category}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q941847}} 5 : Glass frogs|Espadarana|Amphibian genera|Amphibians of Central America|Amphibians of South America |