| 词条 | Espigão Alto State Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Espigão Alto State Park | alt_name = Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto | iucn_category = II | photo = Parque Estadual de Espigão Alto.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | map = Brazil | map_alt = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = Barracão, Rio Grande do Sul | coordinates = {{coord|-27.619380|-51.513151|region:BR|format=dms|display=it}} | area_ha = 1332 | designation = State park | created = 10 March 1949 | administrator = | world_heritage_site = }} The Espigão Alto State Forest Park ({{lang-pt|Parque Florestal Estadual Espigão Alto}}) is a state park in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It protects an area of old forest of which araucarias are the most prominent species. LocationThe Espigão Alto State Park is in the Espigão district of the municipality of Barracão, Rio Grande do Sul.{{sfn|Parque Florestal Espigão Alto – SEDAC}} It has an area of {{convert|1332|ha}}.{{sfn|PES de Espigão Alto – ISA|loc=Informações gerais}} The park is in the Araucarias Plateau, in the region of Campos de Cima da Serra, in the northeast of the state. It is {{convert|400|km}} from Porto Alegre, the state capital.{{sfn|PES de Espigão Alto – ISA|loc=Características}} The park is in the Brazilian Highlands, near the Uruguay River in the valley of the Marmeleiro stream.{{sfn|Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto – Via Rural}} HistoryThe Espigão Alto Forest Reserve was created by state decree 658 of 10 March 1949. It was transformed into a state park by law 2.440 of 2 October 1954.{{sfn|Parque Florestal Espigão Alto – SEDAC}} Law 8.893 of 2 August 1989 allowed for the cultivation of exotic forest species that already existed in this and other state forest parks.{{sfn|PES de Espigão Alto – ISA|loc=Historico Juridico}} The park was registered as being part of the state's natural and cultural heritage on 23 July 1994.{{sfn|Parque Florestal Espigão Alto – IPHAE}} Decree 42.000 of 9 December 2002 declared the land covered by the park as being of public utility for the purpose of expropriation as a step towards regularizing land ownership in the park.{{sfn|PES de Espigão Alto – ISA|loc=Historico Juridico}} As of 2013 the park was open only to researchers and to students receiving environmental education.{{sfn|Barracão abriga uma das unidades de conservação mais antigas}} EnvironmentThe park preserves a large remnant of Araucaria forest (mixed rainforest) and smaller remnants of the Upper Uruguay Forest (seasonal deciduous forest).{{sfn|Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto – Via Rural}} Flora includes araucaria forest, as well as species such as cedar, camboatá, laurel, cinnamon, bracatinga, angico, guajuvira, cabreúva, grápia, timbaúva and timbó.{{sfn|PES de Espigão Alto – ISA|loc=Características}} Some of the plants in the park are centuries old. The shade-growing xaxin (Dicksonia sellowiana), which is threatened with extinction, can take up to 100 years to reach a height of {{convert|1|m}}. The most conspicuous trees are the araucarias, which once covered 25% of the state but have been reduced to 1%. One of the araucarias is over {{convert|40|m}} tall and is estimated from the width of its trunk to be more than 300 years old.{{sfn|Barracão abriga uma das unidades de conservação mais antigas}} The forest is a refuge for wild animals such as pacas, robust capuchin monkeys, pygmy brocket (Mazama nana) and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), as well as species of birds such as the vinaceous-breasted amazon (Amazona vinacea), red-spectacled amazon (Amazona pretrei), scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) and azure jay (Cyanocorax caeruleus).{{sfn|PES de Espigão Alto – ISA|loc=Características}}{{sfn|Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto – Via Rural}} Notes{{notes}}{{commons category|Parque Estadual Espigão Alto}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|title=Barracão abriga uma das unidades de conservação mais antigas do RS|date=27 September 2013|work=G1 Globo |url=http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/nossa-terra/2013/noticia/2013/09/barracao-abriga-uma-das-unidades-de-conservacao-mais-antigas-do-rs.html|accessdate=2017-01-17}}
|title=Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto|publisher=Via Rural |url=http://br.viarural.com/servicos/turismo/parques-estaduais/parque-estadual-do-espigao-alto/default.htm|accessdate=2017-01-17}}
|title=Parque Florestal Espigão Alto|publisher=IPHAE: Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico do Estado |url=http://www.iphae.rs.gov.br/Main.php?do=BensTombadosDetalhesAc&item=13806|accessdate=2017-01-17}}
|title=Parque Florestal Espigão Alto|publisher=SEDAC: Secretaria de Estado da Cultura |url=http://mapa.cultura.rs.gov.br/espaco/id:103/|accessdate=2017-01-17}}
|title=PES de Espigão Alto|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/586372|accessdate=2017-01-16}}{{refend}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Espigao Alto State Park}} 4 : State parks of Brazil|Protected areas established in 1949|1949 establishments in Brazil|Protected areas of Rio Grande do Sul |
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