词条 | Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel |
释义 |
| type = combo | drug_name = | component1 = Ethinylestradiol | class1 = Estrogen | component2 = Levonorgestrel | class2 = Progestogen | tradename = Altavera, Alysena, Amethyst, Aviane, others[1] | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|estrogen-progestin-combinations}} | MedlinePlus = a601050 | licence_EU = | licence_US = | DailyMedID = | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = X | pregnancy_category= | legal_AU = | legal_CA = | legal_UK = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = By mouth | CAS_number = | CAS_supplemental = | ATCvet = | ATC_prefix = G03 | ATC_suffix = AA07 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = | PubChemSubstance = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID = | UNII = | KEGG = | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | synonyms = }}Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (also ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel) is a combined birth control pill made up of ethinylestradiol, an estrogen and levonorgestrel a progestin.[1] It is used for birth control, symptoms of menstruation, endometriosis, and as emergency contraception.[2][1] It is taken by mouth.[2] Side effects can include nausea, headache, blood clots, breast pain, depression, and liver problems.[1] Use is not recommended during pregnancy, the initial three weeks after childbirth, and in those at high risk of blood clots.[1] However, it may be started immediately after a miscarriage or abortion.[3] Smoking while using combined birth control pills is not recommended.[2] It works by stopping ovulation, making the mucus at the opening to the cervix thick, and making the uterus not suitable for implantation.[2] Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel has been approved for medical use in the United States at least since 1982.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[4] It is available as a generic medication.[13] In the United Kingdom three months of medication costs the NHS about 1.80 pounds.[5] In the United States it costs about $25–50 per month.[6] It is marketed under a large number of brand names.[2] In 2016 it was the 117th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 6 million prescriptions.[7] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|date=2009|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9789241547659|pages=363–365|url=http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf|accessdate=8 December 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213060118/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}} {{Birth control methods}}{{Hormonal contraceptives}}{{Estrogen receptor modulators}}{{Progesterone receptor modulators}}{{portal bar|Pharmacy and pharmacology|Medicine}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel medical facts from Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/ethinyl-estradiol-and-levonorgestrel.html|website=www.drugs.com|accessdate=1 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101232357/https://www.drugs.com/mtm/ethinyl-estradiol-and-levonorgestrel.html|archivedate=1 January 2017|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Erlibelle 30micrograms/150micrograms film-coated tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/28986|website=www.medicines.org.uk|accessdate=1 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102081205/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/28986|archivedate=2 January 2017|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052708/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=552|edition=69}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=349}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=The Top 300 of 2019 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx |website=clincalc.com |accessdate=22 December 2018}} 3 : World Health Organization essential medicines|Combined oral contraceptives|RTT |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。