| 词条 | Eugene Bloch |
| 释义 |
|name = Eugene Bloch |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = 1878 |birth_place = France |death_date = 1944 |occupation = physicist and professor |nationality = French |death_place = France |residence = France }}Eugene Bloch (Soultz-Haut-Rhin, 1878–1944) was a French physicist and professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, and at the Faculty of Science of the University of Paris.[1][2] Early life and educationEugene Bloch was born on 10 June 1878 in Soultz-Haut-Rhin. His father, industrialist in the textile industry, sold his Alsatian factory and settled in Paris to give his two sons Leon and Eugene a French education. Eugene trained from 1897 to 1900 at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, where he studied the physics of Jules Violle, Marcel Brillouin, And Henri Abraham, and at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Paris, where he studied the courses of Gabriel Lippmann and Edmond Bouty and obtained the degrees in Physics and Mathematical Sciences in 1899. He was a preparatory student at the Physics Laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure. Ph.D. in Physical Science on the ionization in phosphorescence which he supports before the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Paris in 1904. Career and worksEugene Bloch then joined secondary school and in 1906 became professor of physics in the special mathematics class at the Saint-Louis secondary school in Paris, where he taught for eleven years. In addition to his teaching work, Eugene Bloch also carried out research work in the physics laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure on the photoelectric effect and spectroscopy. In 1908 Bloch completes the studies that he had pursued following his thesis and devotes himself to studies on the photoelectric effect (discovered by Hertz in 1887 and then studied by Lenard around 1902). Unlike Lenard, Bloch understood the importance of distinguishing various colors, or wavelengths of light, instead of using white light. His experiments helped understand the interpretation given by Einstein in 1905. In 1925 he developed the first spectrograph with a concave, reflective, and vacuum network, built in France, which allowed to work in distant ultra-violet up to 20nm wavelengths. The tables of wavelengths established with this apparatus on 30 chemical elements, and their variously charged ions, are still in use. In 1940 Eugene Bloch was dismissed from his post as professor by the anti-Jewish laws of the Vichy government and had to leave the Ecole Normale Superieure. His position is then taken by Georges Bruhat. Bloch passes clandestinely to the "free zone", and works in a laboratory of the University of Lyon. This is formalized in 1941 as an official assignment of the National Center of the scientific research. When the German army invaded the "free zone", in 1942, Eugene Bloch tries unsuccessfully to flee to Switzerland. He then hides under a false identity in the mountains of Savoy. The Gestapo found and arrested him at Allevard on 24 January 1944. He was deported from Bobigny station by Convoy n ° 69 of 7 March 1944.[3] Publications
See also
Notes1. ^About Eugene Bloch on the Ecole Normale Supérieure website 2. ^[https://books.google.ca/books?id=s6sJRLDWhWcC&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq="Eugene+Bloch"++Ecole+Normale+Supérieure&source=bl&ots=Uvoz4cWGwK&sig=fzlN6wVjo21nVLFRbHkSx5W29b4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsqY-kn-7WAhWE6YMKHa3JAIAQ6AEIVDAG#v=onepage&q="Eugene Bloch" &f=false Freudenthal, G., Etudes Sur - Studies on Helene Metzger, E. J. Brill, 1990, p. 82] 3. ^Voir, Klarsfeld, 1978. References
4 : People from Soultz-Haut-Rhin|1878 births|1944 deaths|French physicists |
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