| 词条 | Euura proxima |
| 释义 |
| image = | image_width = | image_caption = | image2 = | image2_width = | image2_caption = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Hexapoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Hymenoptera | familia = Tenthredinidae | genus = Euura | species = E. proxima | binomial = Euura proxima | binomial_authority = (Serville, 1823) | synonyms = }} Euura proxima is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed on the leaves of willows (Salix species) and was first described by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1823. Description of the gallThe gall is an ovoid, bean-shaped gall, up to 12 mm x 6 mm in size, with a hard thick red wall when occupied. The gall is formed when the female lays her eggs and injects a substance into the leaf. At first the galls are green and the walls soften as the larva consumes the tissue. Some galls may not be occupied, possibly because an egg was not laid or it did not hatch.[1] There can be several galls to a leaf and they do not usually touch the midrib. Galls of E. proxima are found on white willow (S. alba), weeping willow (S. babylonica), S. x blanda, S. excelsa, crack willow (S. fragilis) and bay willow (S. pentandra).[2] There are two broods in a year with the first brood maturing around mid-summer and the second in the autumn.[1] E. proxima is one of three closely related species in the Euura proxima group. The others members of the group are,
InquilinesThe following species are inquilines of E. proxima,
DistributionThis species is found throughout Europe, north to southern Finland and east to the Caucasus. It has been introduced to Australia, North America and New Zealand.[3] References1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Chinery|first1=Michael|authorlink1=Michael Chinery|title=Britain's Plant Galls|date=2011|publisher=WildGuides Ltd|location=Old Basing, Hampshire|isbn=978 190365743 0|page=65}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Redfern |first1=Margaret |last2=Shirley |first2=Peter |last3=Boxham |first3=Michael |title=British Plant Galls |date=2011 |publisher=Field Study Council |location=Shrewsbury |isbn=978 185153 284 1|pages=282–299 |edition=Second}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Liston|first1=Andrew D|last2=Heibo|first2=Erik|last3=Prous|first3=Marko|last4=Vardal|first4=Hege|last5=Nyman|first5=Tommi|last6=Vikberg|first6=Veli|title=North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)|journal=Zootaxa|date=2017|volume=4302|issue=1|pages=83–85|url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4302.1.1|issn=1175-5334}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Ellis|first1=W N|title=Archarius salicivorus (Paykull, 1792)|url=http://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/coleoptera/polyphaga/cucujiformia/curculionoidea/curculionidae/archarius/archarius-salicivorus/|website=Plant Parasites of Europe|accessdate=24 April 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Ellis|first1=W N|title=Archarius crux (Fabricius, 1776)|url=http://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/coleoptera/polyphaga/cucujiformia/curculionoidea/curculionidae/archarius/archarius-crux/|website=Plant Parasites of Europe|accessdate=24 April 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Ellis|first1=W N|title=Euphranta toxoneura (Loew, 1846)|url=http://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/diptera/brachycera/tephritidae/euphranta/euphranta-toxoneura/|website=Plant Parasites of Europe|accessdate=24 April 2018}} External links
9 : Tenthredinoidea|Gall-inducing insects|Hymenoptera of Australia|Hymenoptera of Europe|Hymenoptera of New Zealand|Hymenoptera of North America|Insects described in 1823|Taxa named by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville|Willow galls |
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