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词条 Ezekiel 16
释义

  1. Text

  2. Textual versions

  3. Verse 2

  4. Verse 3

  5. Verse 6

  6. Verse 60

  7. See also

  8. Notes and references

  9. Bibliography

  10. External links

     Jewish  Christian 
{{Bible chapter|letname= Ezekiel 16 |previouslink= Ezekiel 15 |previousletter= chapter 15 |nextlink= Ezekiel 17 |nextletter= chapter 17 |book=Book of Ezekiel |biblepart=Old Testament | booknum= 26 |hbiblepart= Nevi'im | hbooknum = 7 |category= Latter Prophets | filename= Book of Ezekiel.jpg |size=242px | name= MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a., Ezekiel 30:13–18. |caption=
Book of Ezekiel 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.
}}

Ezekiel 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Ezekiel, and is a part of the Books of the Prophets. Clements calls this chapter "an Old Testament parable of the prodigal daughter", describing a shocking illustration of ungrateful Jerusalem in contrast to God's enduring love to her.{{sfn|Clements|1996|p=67-73}} This chapter is often linked to Ezekiel 23, which deals with two daughters, symbolizing the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah.{{sfn|Clements|1996|p=70}}

Text

The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 63 verses.

Textual versions

Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:

  • Masoretic Text (10th century)
  • Dead Sea Scrolls: (2nd century BC)[1]{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=588}}
    • 3Q1 (3QEzek): extant verses 31-33

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

Verse 2

Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations,[2]

  • "Son of man" (Hebrew: בן־אדם {{Strong-number|ḇen|H|01121}}-{{Strong-number|'ā-ḏām|H|00120}}): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=574}}
  • "Abomination" (Hebrew: תּוֹעֵבָה {{Strong-number|tôwʻêbah, to-ay-baw'|H|08441}}): something loathsome or objectionable, especially for "Jehovah" ({{bibleref2|Proverbs|3:32; 21:27}}), "specially used for things belonging to the worship of idols" or idolatrous practices and objects.{{sfn|Brown|1994|"תּוֹעֵבָה"}}{{sfn|Gesenius|1979|"תּוֹעֵבָה"}}

Verse 3

And say, Thus saith the Lord God unto Jerusalem;

Thy birth and thy nativity is of the land of Canaan;

thy father was an Amorite, and thy mother an Hittite.[3]

  • The assimilation of Israel with those former residents led to apostasy.[4]

Verse 6

And when I passed by thee, and saw thee polluted in thine own blood,

I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood,

Live; yea, I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood, Live. (NKJV)[4]

  • "Polluted" (Hebrew: מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת miṯ-bō-se-seṯ, from the root verb בּוּס {{Strong-number|ḇūs|H|0947}}, "tread down with feet" or "trample"[5][6]): Rashi connects it to ({{bibleref2|Psalm|60:12|KJV}}, numbered as 60:14 in Hebrew version): "God ... shall tread down (Hebrew: יָבוּס) our enemies."[7]

Verse 60

Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with thee in the days of thy youth,

and I will establish unto thee an everlasting covenant.[8]

This was anticipated in {{bibleref2|Leviticus|26:43-45}}.[9]

See also

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
  • Amorites
  • Assyria
  • Canaan
  • Chaldea
  • Egypt
{{col-2}}
  • Hittites
  • Jerusalem
  • Philistine
  • Samaria
  • Sodom
{{col-end}}{{Portal|Bible}}
  • Related Bible parts: Genesis 14, Leviticus 26, Ezekiel 23, John 15

Notes and references

1. ^{{cite journal |author=Timothy A. J. Jull |author2=Douglas J. Donahue |author3=Magen Broshi |author4= Emanuel Tov |url=https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/1642 | title=Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=38 |number=1 |year=1995 |page=14 |accessdate=26 November 2014}}
2. ^{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|16:2|NKJV}}
3. ^{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|16:3|NKJV}}
4. ^{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|16:6|NKJV}}
5. ^Brown, Francis; Briggs, Charles A.; Driver, S. R. The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Hendrickson Publishers; Reprint edition (1994). {{ISBN|978-1565632066}}. "בּוּס".
6. ^Gesenius, H. W. F. Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index. Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (Translator). Baker Book House; 7th edition. 1979. בּוּס
7. ^Rashi's Commentary on Ezekiel 16:6.
8. ^{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|16:60|NKJV}}
9. ^1 The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. p. 1198-1201 Hebrew Bible. {{ISBN|978-0195288810}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book

| last = Bromiley
| first = Geoffrey W.
| title = International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: vol. iv, Q-Z
| year = 1995
| publisher = Eerdmans
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&pg=PA574&dq=%22an+awkward+and+an+ambiguous+expression+in+Greek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mvkkVNK0KMvq8AXZkIGIBw&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22an%20awkward%20and%20an%20ambiguous%20expression%20in%20Greek%22&f=false
| ref = harv}}
  • {{cite book

| last1 = Brown
| first1 = Francis
| last2 = Briggs
| first2 = Charles A.
| last3 = Driver
| first3 = S. R.
| title = The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
| year = 1994
| edition = reprint
| publisher = Hendrickson Publishers
| isbn = 978-1565632066
}}
  • {{Cite book

|last = Clements
|first = Ronald E
|title = Ezekiel
|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press
|year = 1996
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cB5WoWI3FRAC&pg=PA216&lpg=PA216&dq=Ezekiel++By+Ronald+Ernest+Clements#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn = 9780664252724
|ref = harvref
}}
  • {{cite book

| last = Gesenius
| first = H. W. F.
| title = Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index.
| translator-last = Tregelles
| translator-first = Samuel Prideaux
| year = 1979
| edition = 7th
| publisher = Baker Book House
}}
  • {{Cite book

|last =Joyce
|first =Paul M.
|title =Ezekiel: A Commentary
|publisher =Continuum
|year =2009
|url =https://books.google.com/?id=LRepfsso2p0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=commentary+Ezekiel#v=onepage&q=commentary%20Ezekiel&f=false
|isbn =9780567483614
|ref =harvref
}}
  • {{Cite book

| editor-last = Ulrich
| editor-first = Eugene
| title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
| year = 2010
| publisher = Brill
| url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls
}}
  • {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

External links

Jewish

  • Ezekiel 16 Hebrew with Parallel English
  • Ezekiel 16 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary

Christian

  • Ezekiel 16 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
{{Book of Ezekiel}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ezekiel 16}}

2 : Ezekiel 16|Book of Ezekiel chapters
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