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词条 Ezidkhan
释义

  1. Former and current settlements

      Iraq    Turkey    Syria  

  2. See also

  3. References

Ezidkhan
Êzîdxan
ايزيدخان
Language Kurmanji (also named "Êzdîkî" by Yazidis[1][2][3])
Religion Yazidism (called "Sharfadin" by Yazidis[1][4])
CountryIraq}}
Largest settlements Sinjar, Lalish
Ezidkhan (or Êzîdxan, "Land of the Yazidis")[5] is the name of the settlement areas of the Yazidis. The term is used for historical settlement{{verification needed|date=March 2019}} areas of the Yazidis and also currently inhabited settlement areas by the Yazidis.{{verification needed|date=March 2019}} After the formation of Yezidi Peshmerga in response to the advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the term 'Ezidkhan' experienced a greater usage. In October 2015 the Yekîneyên Parastina Jin ê Şengalê or YPJ-Sinjar (Women's Defense Units of Sinjar) changed its name to Yekinêyen Jinên Êzidxan or YJÊ (Ezidkhan Women's Units).[6] And in November 2015 the Hêza Parastina Şingal or HPŞ (Protection Force of Sinjar) changed its name to Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê or HPÊ (Protection Force of Ezidkhan).[7]

Former and current settlements

{{verification section|date=March 2019}}

Iraq

The settlement areas of the Yazidis in Iraq include the city of Shingal, Khana Sor, Sinune, Zorava, Gohbal, Borek , Dohula, Dugure, Siba Sheikh Khidir, Til Ezer, Gir Zerk, Tal Qasab, Tal Banat, Hardan, Kocho of the Sinjar District.[8] Shekhan, Ba'adra, Lalish, Mahad of the Shekhan District and Khatare, Bozan, Beban, Babira, Dokhata, Sreshka, Khawshaba of Tel Kaif District. There are also Yazidis in Bashiqa and Bahzani in the Al-Hamdaniya District. These settlements are inhabited by Yazidis and are located in the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq and belongs to the disputed territories of northern Iraq. Other Yazidi villages such as Sharya and Khanke are located in the Simele District of the Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region.[9][10] Yazidis of the Haweri tribe live in the village of Dayrabun and in the surrounding area in the Zakho District of Dohuk Governorate.[11] The Arabization-policy of the Ba'ath Party destroyed many Yazidi villages and created new collective settlements from the 1960s to the 1980s. The new Yazidi villages were mainly given Arabic names.[12]

Turkey

The Yazidis in Turkey lived mainly in southeastern Anatolia, especially in the Tur Abdin region, namely in the villages of Taqa (Oyuklu), Kefnas (Çayırlı), Bacin (Güven), Denwan (Çörekli), Kherabya (Yenice), Koçan etc. in the Midyat District of the Mardin Province and in Efshe (Kaleli), Qolika (Değirmencik), Mezre (Çilesiz), Geliye Sora (Güneli), Khanik (Mağaracık), Fisqin (Sapanlı) in the Nusaybin District of Mardin Province and in Kiwekh (Mağara) in the İdil District of the Şırnak Province.[13][14] Other Yazidi villages in Turkey are Cinerya (Yolveren) in the Batman Merkez District of the Batman Province and Hacre (Yolkonak), Feqira (Üçkuyular), Kelhok (Kuşçukuru), Qorikh (Uğurca), Shimiz (Oğuz), Hamduna (Kurukavak), Bazivan (Kumgeçit), Geduk (Deveboynu), Shahsim (Onbaşı), Dusha (Meydancık), Tekheri (Uğrak) in the Beşiri District of the Batman Province.[15][16][17] There were also Yazidi villages in the Viranşehir District of the Şanlıurfa Province.[18][19] Other former Yazidi settlement areas are located in the provinces of Diyarbakır and Siirt.[20] The Turkification of geographic names in Turkey renamed the Yazidi villages into Turkish names.[21] In the 1980s, there were about 60,000 Yazidis in Turkey.[18] Today there are about 5,000 Yazidis in Turkey.[22][23] Almost all the Yazidis from Turkey have fled their settlements due to oppression by Ottoman authorities and militias. Most Yazidis, originally from Turkey, currently live in Germany, Armenia and Georgia. Some of them have also fled to Sinjar in Iraq. The small Yazidi villages were mostly uninhabited after the expulsion of the Yazidis from Turkey and were considered extinct. After the mass escape of the Yazidis from Sinjar in 2014, many Yazidis from Iraq have temporarily fled to the extinct Yazidi villages in Turkey.[24][25] Some Yazidis who are originally from Turkey and currently live in Germany trying to return to their villages but they are threatened by paramilitary and islamic-fundamentalistic groups.[26]

Syria

The settlement areas of the Yazidis in Syria includes the surrounding villages around the city of Afrin, such as Basufan, Feqira, Baflun, Qastel Jindo, Shirkan, Qatma, Qibar etc. The city of Afrin itself is predominantly inhabited by Kurds. But also many Yazidis live in Afrin. About 20,000 Yazidis live in Syria in several dozen villages around the region of Afrin. An exact number of the Yazidis in Syria and their villages is unknown. Some estimates are from 21 villages, others from 23 villages and others from 26 villages of the Yazidis in the region of Afrin. The second largest settlement area of the Yazidis in Syria is located in the governorate of al-Hasakah in the region of Jazīra in northeastern Syria. Close to Tirbespi (al-Qahtaniyya) lie the Yazidi villages of Drechik, Mizgeft, Chelhumiye, Cucumber Shemo, Tell Khatun, Otelja and Alaresh. Close to Amuda lie the Yazidi villages Khirbet Khazal, Khirbet Khwe, Tell Hishk, Kulye, Merkeb, Khirbet Feqira, Qislachuk, Gondor, Kerengo, Dogerki and Chetele. North of al-Hasakah are the Yazidi villages Khirbet Khidir, Tell Tawil, Slemaniye, Tolko, Zeydiye, Berzan, Jidale, Jdeyde, Tell Teyr, Gumar, Gumar Gharbi, Tell Aswad, Mehmudiye, Antariye, Morik, Nasriye, Khirbet Jamal, Awgira , Hasheri, Mehek, Mozko, Khirbet Dilan and Bur Said. Near Sere Kaniye (Ras al-Ayn) along the Khabur River are other Yazidi villages such as Asadiye, Tell Sakhar, Tell Beydar, Merekis, Khan Temir, Shukriye, Lizga, Chava, Derdere, Tell Eliye, Abu Jarade, Tell Naif, Khirbet Batana, Tell Khanzir and Sheikh Hmud. The Yazidi villages were almost completely destroyed and bombed by the civil war in Syria and by the procedure of the Islamic State and the Turkish military operation in Afrin. Previously, IS terrorists destroyed Yazidi temples and desecrated Yazidi tombs there. Presumably, all the Yazidis fled Syria if they were not killed.[27][28]

See also

  • Nineveh Province
  • Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL
  • Sinjar massacre
  • Sinjar Alliance
  • Kurdification and Arabization

References

1. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=y1RsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT8&dq=yazidi+kurmanji+speaking&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMxLacspPfAhXIZ1AKHdH3C1QQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepage&q=yazidi%20kurmanji%20speaking&f=false|title=The Religion of the Peacock Angel: The Yezidis and Their Spirit World|last=Asatrian|first=Garnik S.|last2=Arakelova|first2=Victoria|date=2014-09-03|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317544289|language=en}}
2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=s-J5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22&dq=ezdiki&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie17_rlZPfAhXFIVAKHURxCHEQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=ezdiki&f=false|title=Yearbook of Muslims in Europe|last=Nielsen|first=Jørgen|last2=Akgönül|first2=Samim|last3=Alibašić|first3=Ahmet|last4=Goddard|first4=Hugh|last5=Maréchal|first5=Brigitte|date=2011-10-28|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004207554|language=en}}
3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=7XuMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68&dq=ezdiki&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1o-yQlpPfAhXNKlAKHYZdBm8Q6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=ezdiki&f=false|title=The Caucasus - An Introduction|last=Coene|first=Frederik|date=2009-10-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135203023|language=en}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Arakelova|first=Victoria|title=Ethno-Religious Communities Identity markers|url=https://www.academia.edu/3764877/Ethno-Religious_Communities_Identity_markers|language=en}}
5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=BZ3HUILlfuQC&pg=PA161&dq=%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Mündliche Literatur der Kurden in den Regionen Botan und Hekarî|last=Turgut|first=Lokman|date=2010|publisher=Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH|isbn=9783832527273|language=de}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://anfenglish.com/women/ypj-shengal-changes-its-name-to-yje|title=ANF - Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê|publisher=|access-date=16 January 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://ezidipress.com/blog/hps-benennt-sich-in-hpe-um-heza-parastina-ezidxan/|title=HPŞ benennt sich in HPÊ um: Hêza Parastina Êzîdxan – ÊzîdîPress|publisher=|access-date=16 January 2016}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hlrn.org/img/documents/YAZIDI%20HLP%20REPORT_EN.pdf|title=Emerging Land Tenure Issues among Displaced Yazidis from Sinjar, Iraq|last=|first=|date=November 2015|website=United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–Habitat)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://docs.neu.edu.tr/library/6421411229.pdf|title=Graduate school of social sciences general psychology master's programme: Post-traumatic stress disorder among Ezidian women who escaped from ISIS capture|last=Saadi Azuo|first=Heerish|date=June 2016|website=Near East University|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aina.org/reports/acetste.pdf|title=The Struggle to Exist - Part I: An Introduction to the Assyrians and their Human Rights Situation in the New Iraq|last=|first=|date=February 2010|website=|publisher=Assyria Council of Europe, Hammurabi Human Rights Organization|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=bfc19076-af7c-f2a4-bbb8-1a3e8d7f4c39&groupId=252038|title=CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS|last=Oehring|first=Otmar|date=|website=Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung|page=93|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-19}}
12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=It22IjmZfT4C&pg=PA55&dq=ain+sifni&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj81eKUwZHfAhXEmLQKHWnOAksQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Die Yeziden im Irak: zwischen "Modelldorf" und Flucht|last=Dulz|first=Irene|date=2001|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=9783825857042|language=de}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dimod.org.tr/mimarlarodasi/diyarch/diyarch4.pdf|title=TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Diyarbakır Şubesi|last=|first=|date=|website=|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-29}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mardinlife.com/iHDden-Ezidi-Raporu-haberi-16812|title=İHD'den Ezidi Raporu|website=Mardin Life Gazete, Dergi, Ajans ve Matbaası|language=TR|access-date=2019-01-03}}
15. ^{{Cite journal|last=Soydan|first=Ersoy|title=BATMAN YEZIDIS AND YEZIDIS ORAL TRADITION (BATMAN YEZİDİLERİ VE YEZİDİ SÖZLÜ KÜLTÜRÜ)|url=https://www.academia.edu/37741530/BATMAN_YEZIDIS_AND_YEZIDIS_ORAL_TRADITION_BATMAN_YEZ%C4%B0D%C4%B0LER%C4%B0_VE_YEZ%C4%B0D%C4%B0_S%C3%96ZL%C3%9C_K%C3%9CLT%C3%9CR%C3%9C_|language=en}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423932879.pdf|title=ON FINAL SETTLEMENT PLACES AND POPULATION OF EZIDIS, AN ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY, IN BATMAN AND NEARBY VICINITY|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Turkish Studies|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-29}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://web2.e-baro.web.tr/uploads/72/resimler/haberler/multeci%20son/raporson.pdf|title=İNSAN HAKLARI BATMAN PLATFORMUNUN BATMAN’DAKİ SIĞINMACI VE MÜLTECİLERE İLİŞKİN GÖZLEM VE TESPİT RAPORU|last=|first=|date=|website=|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-03}}
18. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=ql4BAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=sanliurfa+yezidis&source=bl&ots=tXorZUjFh9&sig=RlP2zaYcX_udrFv9io3acVi4iP8&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGoezN89DfAhUPLewKHXSzCucQ6AEwAnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Açikyildiz|first=Birgül|date=2014-12-23|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9780857720610|language=en}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/son-377-yezidi-kaldi-6891240|title=Son 377 Yezidi kaldı|last=AYDIN|first=Gülden|website=www.hurriyet.com.tr|language=tr|access-date=2019-01-03}}
20. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=yezidis+diyarbakir+siirt&source=bl&ots=972AWEApoG&sig=HT7eu9QjE229J8L-1b50jXh25HA&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYhO25-ubfAhUHsqQKHYHJBfoQ6AEwHHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781784532161|language=en}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/20447|title=Yazidis in Turkey on the verge of extinction|website=Israel National News|language=en|access-date=2019-02-02}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2004/35489.htm|title=Turkey|website=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-22}}
23. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=eYSA2uew3CUC&pg=PA308&lpg=PA308&dq=5,000+yezidis+turkey&source=bl&ots=vSEvqYFE9c&sig=ACfU3U0A5iSmJGF-s5-679fHeBzInmwMRg&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjeqbOhl4LgAhXRCuwKHYe7CrQ4HhDoATAAegQICRAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=International Religious Freedom (2010): Annual Report to Congress|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=9781437944396|language=en}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.tums.ac.ir/1392/03/17/Yepiskoposyan_I&C_2010.pdf-andonian-2013-06-07-09-54.pdf|title=Genetic Affinity between the Armenian Yezidis and the Iraqi Kurds|last=|first=|date=|website=|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-29}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://en.qantara.de/content/yazidis-in-turkey-old-homeland-new-homeland|title=Yazidis in Turkey: Old homeland, new homeland - Qantara.de|work=Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World|access-date=2019-01-03|language=en}}
26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dipbt.bundestag.de/doc/btd/18/017/1801744.pdf|title=Situation von Angehörigen der ezidischen Religionsgemeinschaft|date=2014|website=bundestag.de|publisher=Deutscher Bundestag|page=2|language=german|format=PDF|archive-url=|access-date=2019-02-12}}
27. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=EFgIDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=yezidi+villages+efrin&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0oqCC5MXfAhVFmbQKHcSvDVcQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority|last=Maisel|first=Sebastian|date=2016-12-24|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739177754|language=en}}
28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2018/5/9/turkeys-afrin-operation-stokes-yazidi-fears-and-fuels-displacement|title=Turkey's Afrin operation stokes Yazidi fears and fuels displacement|last=Mercadier|first=Sylvain|website=alaraby|language=en|access-date=2018-12-29}}

6 : Yazidi holy places|Yazidi populated places|Cultural regions|Historical regions|Kurdistan|Iraq
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