“Fadel Al-Aboud”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Fadel Aboud Al-Hassan was born in Deir al-Zour in 1872 to the Al-Hasan family from the clan of Abo Obaid from the Baggara tribe, which is attributed to Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir, one of the grandsons of the faithful Ali Bin Abi Talib.^[3]^[4]

Personal life

He had social status in the city of Deir al-Zour, which enabled him to take over the leadership, inherited from his father Aboud Hassan.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

Haj Fadel worked in trade and had extensive commercial relations with the Turkish merchants and Halbians and with his cousins Najjar and Tayfur in the city of Hama.{{Citation needed |date=December 2018}}

Government Formation

Formation of the first government

When trouble broke out in the city of Deir al-Zour after the Ottomans left on November 6, 1918, increasing fear of the people in Deir al-Zour from the tribal environment surrounding their city. This gave opportunity for people to invade and loot and steal from each other, and to enter towns and do the same. So it was necessary to have a strong authority to protect the city and its people. Therefore, the mayor Fadel Al-Aboud formed his first government in the city and asked the clans in the villages and neighboring areas to be loyal and stand with him. And they did so. One of the priorities of this government, which later known as the "Haj Fadhil government," was to control security in the city.

The government continued until the arrival of Sharif Nasser, the cousin of Prince Faisal Bin Al-Hussein, on December 1, 1918, and the arrival of Mari Basha Al-Mallah on December 7, 1918.^[7]

Formation of the second government

After the events of the Battle of Maysalun on July 24, 1920 and the occupation of Damascus by the French forces, Deir al-Zour was in a state of insecurity. This is what prompted Haj Fadel Al-Aboud to form his second government, which provided great services to the city in protecting and preserving the safety of its people despite its limited potential. Until November 23, 1920, when it was dissolved by a decision of the French occupation authorities.

Syrian National Congress

Haj Fadel Al-Aboud represented the Euphrates region at the Syrian National Congress held in late June 1919, which proclaimed on March 8, 1920, the independence of Syria and establishment of the Syrian Arab Kingdom and inauguration of Faisal bin Sharif Hussein as its king.^[10] Fadel Al-Aboud participated in the inauguration ceremony of Faisal King of Iraq on August 23, 1921, and was supporting of his inauguration.^[11]^[12]

Armenian Genocide

The Armenians were marched out to the Syrian city of Deir al-Zour and the surrounding desert. The Ottoman government withheld the facilities and supplies that would have been necessary to sustain the life of hundreds of thousands of Armenian deportees during and after their forced march to the Syrian desert.^[13]^[14]

Haj Fadel, who was mayor of Deir al-Zour provided them with food and housing and means of livelihood and security, and Armenians returned the favor to Haj Fadel when he was sentenced to death by the French colonialism in Aleppo, where they supported and defended him, which made the French abolish the death sentence and exile him to Jisr Al-Shughour city.

Struggle against the French mandate

Haj Fadel Al-Aboud was arrested several times for his support of national issues and revolutions, after the storming of Deir al-Zour on 9 November 1921 by the French colonialists, a group of French armored vehicles and dozens of soldiers encircled the house of Haj Fadel al-Aboud, where he was arrested and transferred to the military airport of Deir al-Zour and then transported by military aircraft to Aleppo, where he was imprisoned in the castle and met during his imprisonment with Ibrahim Hanano.

He was sentenced to exile to the city of Jisr al-Shughour after he was accused of preparing a popular revolt against French colonialism in protest against the military campaign by the French army against the Bukhabur tribes that refused to pay taxes to the French colonizer. As well as insulting Wali Deir al-Zour Khalil Isaac, who was cooperating with the French.

Protested the decision of the French High Commissioner Maurice Paul Sarai No. 49/5 August 1925 to exile his cousin and his sister's husband Ayash al-Hajj with all his family members to the Syrian city of Jableh for their struggle against French colonization, and this was the reason for his repeated arrest by French colonialism.^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]

Death

Haj Fadel Al-Aboud died in 1936 in the city of Deir al-Zour and was buried there. His sons continued in the political work. His son Dr.Badri Fadel Aboud became Minister of Health in the government of Mr. Said Al-Ghazi in 1955 under the presidency of President Shukri Al-Quwatli to be the first Minister of Health from Deir al-Zour.

See also

References

1. ^Alnajem، Ismail، "Fadel Alaboud" First Haj Fadel Government، An article published in eSyria Web site، 21/12/2013.
2. ^[https://www.orient-news.net/ar/news_show/1922 Waleed، Alaa، The sons of Deir al-Zour evoke the experience of the government of Haj Fadel، An article published in orient news Web site، 09/02/2013.]
3. ^Mohammed Alayiesh، Wikipedia.
4. ^[https://archive.org/stream/Souriatana Mohammed Alayiesh, Souriatna Journal، Second year، 7/10/2012، Issue Number: 55، Page 11.]
5. ^Bukhapur revolution with dates and evidence، Website Al-Muhasan City.. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510220909/http://mouhassan.com:80/pages/62b64863162962764462864862e627628648631.php 10,05,2017}}
6. ^[https://ia601505.us.archive.org/27/items/HdarhWadyAlfrataea/hdarh%20wady%20alfrataea.pdf Alayyash، Abdul Qader، Prepare: Walid al-Mashouh، Hadarat Wady Alfurat ،Al Ahali for printing publishing and distribution، First Edition، 1989، P 152.].
7. ^Alhaj Fadel Alaboud, An article published in Baggara tribe Web site, 30/03/2009.
8. ^[https://ia601505.us.archive.org/27/items/HdarhWadyAlfrataea/hdarh%20wady%20alfrataea.pdf Alayyash، Abdul Qader، Prepare: Walid al-Mashouh، Hadarat Wady Alfurat ،Al Ahali for printing publishing and distribution، First Edition، 1989، P 154.].
9. ^[https://ia801205.us.archive.org/4/items/GreatBaqqaraTribe/Great%20Baqqara%20Tribe.pdf Alshamary, Anwar, Biggest Baggara Tribe, Dar Almaref, Homs, 1996, Page: 363.].
10. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=0NwLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA665&dq=&ei=MxJGSb7dKpW6M4nWzLgJ&client= King's Complete History of the World War, William C. King, The History Associates, 1922, page 665]
11. ^[https://ia801205.us.archive.org/4/items/GreatBaqqaraTribe/Great%20Baqqara%20Tribe.pdf Alshamary, Anwar, Biggest Baggara Tribe, Dar Almaref, Homs, 1996, Page: 362.].
12. ^Syrian National Congress، Arabic Wikipedia.
13. ^{{cite news |title=Exiled Armenians starve in the desert; Turks drive them like slaves, American committee hears ;- Treatment raises death rate |work=The New York Times |date=8 August 1916 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1916/08/08/archives/exiled-armenians-starve-in-the-desert-turks-drive-them-like-slaves.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202042507/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00C17F73C5F13738DDDA10894D0405B868DF1D3 | archivedate=2 February 2012| deadurl=no}} (cited by {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W2QiAQAAMAAJ|title=The Turk in America: The Creation of an Enduring Prejudice|last=McCarthy|first=Justin|date=15 August 2010|publisher=University of Utah Press|isbn=9781607810131|language=en|page=177}})
14. ^{{cite book|last1=Danieli|first1=Yael|title=International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma|date=1998|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9780306457388|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=thoNwuDmHEQC&pg=PA193|language=en|quote=[Victims] were often held without food for days so they would be too weak to escape}}
15. ^[https://ia801205.us.archive.org/4/items/GreatBaqqaraTribe/Great%20Baqqara%20Tribe.pdf Alshamary, Anwar, Biggest Baggara Tribe, Dar Almaref, Homs, 1996, Page: 363.].
16. ^[https://ia800806.us.archive.org/28/items/malayyash_yahoo_20170719_0614/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA.jpg Alnigress، Mahmoud، Bo Jimaa Bottel، Furat newspaper، 2005.].
17. ^[https://archive.org/stream/malayyash_yahoo_All/all#page/n17 Sabbagh, Rend, Deir al-Zour city on the banks of Paradise, Al Quds Al Arabi, Twenty-eighth year, 09/04/2017 number 8789, page 34.].
18. ^[https://ia800809.us.archive.org/1/items/WhollyExecutionFahallaAlsakal/Wholly_execution,_Fahalla_Alsakal.jpg Al-Saqal, Fathallah, wholesale execution, Manarat al-Furat magazine, 09/2009, p. 29.].
19. ^[https://archive.org/stream/AbedAlqaderAyyash/AbedAlqader%20Ayyash#page/n5 Fattouh, Issa, Abdul Qader Ayyash Researcher and Historian, Almarifa Magazine, Ministry of Culture in the Syrian Arab Republic, No 646, year 56, July 2017, p 155.].

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