| 词条 | Fadl ibn Isa |
| 释义 |
| name = Fadl ibn Isa | image = | caption = | succession1 = Emir of Palmyra and Salamiyah | reign1 = 1311/12–1317 1322–1330 | predecessor1 = Muhanna ibn Isa | successor1 = Muhanna ibn Isa | succession2 = Amir al-ʿarab | reign2 = 1311/12–1317 1322–1330 | predecessor2 = Muhanna ibn Isa | successor2 = Muhanna ibn Isa | regent = | reg-type = | full name = | spouse = | issue = Isa Sayf Mu'ayqil | children = | royal house = Al Fadl | father = Isa ibn Muhanna | mother = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | place of burial = }} Fadl ibn Isa{{#tag:ref|Full name and genealogy: Faḍl ibn ʿIsa ibn Muhannā ibn Maniʿ ibn Ḥadītha ibn Ghudayya ibn Faḍl ibn Rabīʿa ibn Ḥaẓim ibn ʿAlī ibn Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrāh at-Ṭaʾī|group=note}}, also known as Fadl II, was a prince of the Al Fadl, an Arab dynasty that dominated the Syrian Desert beginning in the 13th century. Between 1311/ and 1317, he served as amir al-ʿarab, which gave him authority over the Bedouin tribes of northern Syria on behalf of the Mamluk Sultanate. BiographyFadl was a son of Isa ibn Muhanna, the chieftain of the Al Fadl clan, a branch of the Tayyid tribe of Banu Rabi'ah. Beginning with Isa, members of the Al Fadl became the hereditary holders of the office of amir al-ʿarab (commander of the Bedouin) on behalf of the Mamluk Sultanate. After Isa's death in 1284, Fadl's brother Muhanna became amir al-ʿarab with iqta'at (fiefs) in Salamiyah, Palmyra and elsewhere in Syria. When Muhanna fell out with the Mamluk sultan an-Nasir Muhammad in 1311/12 and defected to the Mongol Ilkhanate, the sultan appointed Fadl in his place as amir al-ʿarab.[1][2] Though Fadl appeared to oppose Muhanna's defection, the 14th-century Arab historian, al-Umari, noted that the two brothers cooperated in playing the Mamluks and Ilkhanids off of each other for their own interest.[3] He wrote "they were agreed at heart, but openly they were otherwise".[3] Muhanna was restored as amir al-ʿarab in 1317. The following year, Fadl visited Abu Sa'id, the son and successor of the Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü, to give him a present of Arabian horses in Baghdad.[4] Soon after, it was reported that the Bedouin tribes of al-Ahsa and Qatif drove Fadl out of the region of Basra south of Baghdad.[4] Muhanna was stripped of the post and exiled with his branch of the family in 1320, after which he was replaced by Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, a distant relative.[4] In 1322, Fadl was appointed to the post for the second time.[4] During a visit to Salamiyah in 1324, it was apparent that Muhanna still held sway with the Bedouin in Syria while Fadl was the nominal emir who received a government salary.[4] In 1328, Fadl gave Muhanna's son Sulayman substantial sums after the latter defected from the Ilkhanids and agreed to submit to Mamluk authority in al-Rahba.[4] Fadl continued to rule the Bedouin, at least in name, until 1330 when Muhanna was restored.[4] Muhanna died in 1334 and Fadl likely died in the few years before or after Muhanna's death.[4] The office of amir al-ʿarab remained hereditary within the Al Fadl clan, but was primarily held by direct descendants of Muhanna.[5] On some occasions, Fadl's direct descendants held the office,[6] such as his sons Isa (r. 1342–1343) and Sayf (r. 1343–1345, 1347–1348).[7] Notes1. ^Tritton 1948, pp. 568–569. 2. ^Hiyari 1975, pp. 518–519. 3. ^1 Hiyari 1975, p. 519. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tritton 1948, p. 569. 5. ^Hiyari 1975, pp. 519–520. 6. ^Hiyari 1975, p. 520. 7. ^Tritton 1948, p. 570. References{{reflist}}Bibliography{{refbegin}}
6 : 14th-century deaths|14th-century Arabs|14th century in the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Tayy|Rulers of Palmyra|Bedouin tribal chiefs |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。