“False-uniqueness effect”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits and personal attributes as unique, when in reality they are not.^[1] This effect is visible when asked about a desirable action, even if consensus is against this action: "suppose a researcher did an experiment using an actor who pretended to have a seizure, and the researcher found that 11 out of 15 people did not help the person. If you had been in the experiment, what do you think your response would have been?". ^[2] People tend to answer that they would have helped given the situation, believing they would do it even if that is not the case.

This cognitive bias is opposed to the false consenssus effect, in which people tend to overestimate the extent to which their attitudes and behaviours are normal and typical compared to those of others. Both are related to self esteem, being this a crucial factor in defining how people look at ther behaviour.^[3]

References

1. ^[https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=False+Uniqueness+Effect False Uniqueness Effect]
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.coursera.org/lecture/social-psychology/lecture-2-2-some-twists-and-turns-when-explaining-behavior-OLt5p|title=Lecture 2.2: Some Twists and Turns When Explaining Behavior - WEEK 2: The Psychology of Self-Presentation and Persuasion|website=Coursera|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Hee Sun|last2=Smith|first2=Sandi W.|last3=Klein|first3=Katherine A.|last4=Martell|first4=Dennis|date=2011|title=College Students' Estimation and Accuracy of Other Students' Drinking and Believability of Advertisements Featured in a Social Norms Campaign|journal=Journal of Health Communication|volume=16|issue=5|pages=504–518|doi=10.1080/10810730.2010.546481|pmid=21298586|issn=1081-0730}}