词条 | Family detention |
释义 |
Family detention is the detention of multiple family members together in an immigration detention context. The places where it is done have been alternatively called family detention camps[1] or family detention centers[2] or family detention facilities[3] by different sources. HistoryIn 2014 the Obama administration opened new family detention centers in the United States. At the time there was only one government-operated facility, which was located York County, Pennsylvania.[4] In 2015, intact families were not regularly separated at the United States border.[5] In February 2016, the designation Family Unit Aliens or FMUA was introduced.[6] The majority of families apprehended at the border were not linked to fraud according to an official within U.S. Customs and Border Protection.[7] In July 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld a lower court's decision (in July 2015, by Judge Dolly Gee) to quickly release child migrants from family detention even when accompanied by a parent.[8] In 2017 and 2018, the number of family units (groups of at least one adult and at least one child) from Guatemala and Honduras apprehended by the U.S. increased, as families fled gang violence and instability in Central America.[7] Family detention centers in the United StatesThe U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement contracts with several facilities to detain families with children. The General Accounting Office reports that the 3 active facilities have a combined capacity of 3,326 people.[9] Active family detention centers include:
Former family detention facilitiesFormer family detention centers include:
Proposed family detention facilitiesExecutive Order 13841, signed on June 20, 2018, instructs that, "The Secretary of Defense shall take all legally available measures to provide to the Secretary, upon request, any existing facilities available for the housing and care of alien families, and shall construct such facilities if necessary and consistent with law."[22] On June 21, the Department of Health and Human Services requested facilities to house migrant children. Pentagon spokesmen and a memorandum sent to Congress confirmed that the Department of Defense was preparing facilities at four military bases in Texas and Arkansas to house 20,000 "unaccompanied alien children."[23]
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/magazine/the-shame-of-americas-family-detention-camps.html |title=The Shame of America’s Family Detention Camps |work=New York Times |date=4 February 2015}} {{US-gov-stub}}2. ^{{cite web |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/17/immigration-lawmakers-visit-detention-center-near-u-s-mexico-border/708840002/ |title=Inside the migrant family detention center in McAllen, Texas |date=17 June 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web |work=Seattle Times |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/apximmigrant-kids-seen-held-in-fenced-cages-at-border-facility/ |date=18 June 2018 |title=Immigrant kids seen held in fenced cages at border facility |quote=a family detention facility in McAllen, Texas}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/administration-open-detention-centers-families-caught-crossing-border |title=Administration to open detention centers for families caught crossing the border |date=20 June 2014 |website=pbs.org |quote=The administration did not immediately say how many people the new family detention centers will house or where they will be located. The government currently operates only one such facility, in York County, Pennsylvania, with space for fewer than 100 people.}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/was-law-separate-families-passed-1997/ |quote=The rumors correctly suggested that “family detention” as a whole came before the Trump administration, but as of August 2015 intact families at the border were rarely separated. |website=snopes.com |title=Was the ‘Law to Separate Families’ Passed in 1997 or ‘by Democrats’? |date=18 June 2018 |first=Kim |last=LaCapria}} 6. ^{{cite web |date=23 February 2016|url=https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/02/23/written-testimony-cbp-senate-committee-judiciary-hearing-titled-unaccompanied |title=The Unaccompanied Children Crisis: Does the Administration Have a Plan to Stop the Border Surge and Adequately Monitor the Children? |first=Ronald |last=Vitiello |quote=Apprehensions of Family Unit Aliens (FMUA), consisting of children who are apprehended with one or more parent or legal guardian, were approximately 68,445 in FY 2014; in FY 2015, CBP apprehended over 39,838. FMUA generally kept together unless one member of the family group is deemed harmful to another member.}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |publisher=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/migrant-children-at-the-border-by-the-numbers/ |title=Migrant children at the border – the facts |first=Graham |last=Kates |date=20 June 2018 |quote=Between October 2017 and May 2018, 99.75 percent of family units apprehended by at the border were not linked to fraud (i.e. pretending to be a parent). A Customs and Border Protection official said Tuesday that out of 59,113 total family unit apprehensions during that period, there were 148 cases of alleged fraud.}} 8. ^{{cite web |website=latimes.com |url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-migrant-children-20160706-snap-story.html |title=U.S. must release child migrants held in family detention, court says |first=Cindy |last=Carcamo |date=6 July 2016 |quote=President Obama's immigration policy was dealt another blow Wednesday when the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a lower court's opinion that child migrants who are accompanied by a parent and currently in family detention should be quickly released. It left the fate of the parents up in the air, however. The case centers on a 1997 legal settlement — known as the Flores agreement — that set legal requirements for the housing of children seeking asylum or in the country illegally. ee In July 2015, U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee in Los Angeles found the government had violated key provisions of the court settlement that put restrictions on the detention of migrant children.}} 9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/691330.pdf|title=IMMIGRATION DETENTION: Opportunities Exist to Improve Cost Estimates|last=United States Government Accountability Office|first=|publisher=|year=2018|isbn=|location=|pages=18}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/south-texas-immigration-detention-center-set-to-open/|title=South Texas immigration detention center set to open|date=15 December 2014|publisher=|accessdate=19 December 2014}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/21/feds-dont-have-enough-beds-for-migrant-families-643027|title=Feds don’t have enough beds for migrant families|work=POLITICO|access-date=2018-06-22|language=en}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Inside-Look-at-ICE-Berks-County-Residential-Center-1-Million-Boon-for-Local-Government-437112913.html|title=Inside Pa.'s ICE Immigrant Family Detention Center|work=NBC 10 Philadelphia|access-date=2018-06-21|language=en}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/21/feds-dont-have-enough-beds-for-migrant-families-643027|title=Feds don’t have enough beds for migrant families|work=POLITICO|access-date=2018-06-22|language=en}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.caller.com/story/news/local/2018/06/20/heres-where-immigrant-families-could-housed-after-trumps-order-zero-tolerance-policy/717726002/|title=Here's where immigrant families in Texas could be housed after Trump's executive order|work=Corpus Christi Caller-Times|access-date=2018-06-21|language=en}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/06/21/feds-dont-have-enough-beds-for-migrant-families-643027|title=Feds don’t have enough beds for migrant families|work=POLITICO|access-date=2018-06-22|language=en}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.correctionscorp.com/facilitylist.cfm#|title=Facility Locations List|publisher=Corrections Corporation of America|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111122516/http://www.correctionscorp.com/facilitylist.cfm|archivedate=2007-11-11|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2007-12-06|df=}} 17. ^Don Hutto Family Residential Facility {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622114102/http://www.ice.gov/news/library/factsheets/facilities-hutto.htm|date=2011-06-22}} 18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/10/us/10detain.html|title=U.S. Gives Tour of Family Detention Center That Critics Liken to a Prison|last=Blumenthal|first=Ralph|date=February 10, 2007|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-06-21|language=en}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.kxan.com/news/local/austin/after-claims-of-sex-abuse-at-t-don-hutto-detention-facility-advocates-want-answers/1031440193|title=After sex abuse claims at T. Don Hutto detention facility, advocates want answers|last=Kravets|first=Lauren|date=2017-12-04|work=KXAN|access-date=2018-06-25|language=en-US}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/u-s-to-close-immigrant-detention-center-in-artesia/article_056a06ab-6044-5f04-950f-822b22779462.html|title=U.S. to close immigrant detention center in Artesia|last=Caldwell|first=Alicia A.|date=November 18, 2014|work=The Santa Fe New Mexican|access-date=2018-06-25|language=en}} 21. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/magazine/the-shame-of-americas-family-detention-camps.html|title=The Shame of America’s Family Detention Camps|last=Hylton|first=Wil S.|date=February 4, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-06-25|language=en}} 22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/|title=Affording Congress an Opportunity to Address Family Separation|work=The White House|access-date=2018-06-20|language=en-US}} 23. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/21/us/politics/trump-immigration-border-family-separation.html|title=U.S. Prepares to House Up to 20,000 Migrants on Military Bases|last=Shear|first=Michael|date=June 21, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-06-24|last2=Cooper|first2=Helene|language=en|last3=Benner|first3=Kate}} 24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/06/25/migrant-detainees-be-housed-2-texas-military-bases.html|title=Migrant Detainees to Be Housed at 2 Texas Military Bases|date=2018-06-25|work=Military.com|access-date=2018-06-25|language=en}} 3 : Family|Internments|Immigration detention centers and prisons |
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