| 词条 | 1890 Japanese general election | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Japanese general election, 1890 | country = Japan | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | next_election = Japanese general election, 1892 | next_year = 1892 | seats_for_election = All 300 seats to the House of Representatives of Japan | majority_seats = 151 | election_date = 1 July 1890 | image1 = | leader1 = Itagaki Taisuke | party1 = Jiyutō | color1 = EFAB93 | seats1 = 130 | image2 = Taiseikai | leader2 = Shigeyuki Masuda | party2 = Taiseikai | color2 = CC88CC | seats2 = 79 | image3 = | leader3 = Ōkuma Shigenobu | party3 = Rikken Kaishintō | color3 = cd5c5c | seats3 = 41 | title = Prime Minister | posttitle = Prime Minister | before_election = Yamagata Aritomo | before_party = Independent (politician) | after_election = Yamagata Aritomo | after_party = Independent (politician) | map_image = Japanese General election, 1890 ja.svg | map_size = 350px | map_caption = Results of the Japanese General Elections, 1890 | title }}{{Politics of Japan}}{{nihongo|Japanese general election of 1890|第1回衆議院議員総選挙|Dai-ikkai Shūgiin Giinsōsenkyō}} was the Empire of Japan’s first general election for members of the House of Representatives of the Diet of Japan. It was the first example of a popularly elected national assembly in Asia [1] History and backgroundJapan’s first general election for the lower house of the national assembly was held on July 1, 1890, in accordance with provisions of the new Meiji Constitution, which had been promulgated in 1889.[2] The election was based on limited suffrage, with only male citizens 25 years of age and over, who had paid 15 Japanese Yen or more in national taxes, and who had been resident in their prefecture for at least a year, qualified to vote. The number of eligible voters who met this requirement was 450,872 people out of a total Japanese population of 39,933,478 (1.13%). The high tax requirement meant that voter roles were heavily weighed towards rural landlords and urban entrepreneurs. In terms of social class, 91% were commoners, and 9% were ex-samurai.[3] Residents of the prefectures in Honshū, Kyūshū and Shikoku participated; residents Hokkaidō and Okinawa (as “territories”) were excluded from this election. About 95% of those eligible to vote actually cast ballots, although there was no penalty for not doing so.[4] Only male citizens 30 years of age and over, who were not members of the kazoku peerage or of the imperial family or its branches were allowed to become candidates for office in the lower house. The number of seats in the lower house was 300, divided into 214 single-seat districts and 43 two-seat districts, which were contested by 1,243 candidates. The election went smoothly and without violence reported.[5] On November 25, 1890, after the election, first Diet session was summoned; the two opposing forces confronted each other for the first time in the arena of practical Japanese politics. The so-called mintō (liberal parties: the Jiyutō, the Rikken Kaishintō and their affiliates) held a combined strength of 171 seats, forming the majority. Election results
Notes1. ^[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D06E4DA133BE533A25752C3A9619C94619ED7CF] New York Times, July 31, 1890. 2. ^Jansen. Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 5: The Nineteenth Century. Page 670. 3. ^Meyer. Japan: A Concise History. Page 144 4. ^Keane. Emperor of Japan:Meiji and his World. Page 435. 5. ^Mason. Japan's First General Election, 1890. References
| last = Jansen, Marius B. | first = | year = 1989 | title = Cambridge History of Japan: Vol. 5: The Nineteenth Century | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = | isbn = 0-521-22356-3 }}
| last = Fraser | first = Andrew | year = 1995 | title = Japan's Early Parliaments, 1890-1905: Structure, Issues and Trends | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 0-415-03075-7 }}
| last = Keene, Donald | first = | year = 2005 | title = Emperor Of Japan: Meiji And His World, 1852-1912 | publisher = Columbia University Press | isbn = 0-231-12341-8 }}
| last = Mason | first = R.H.P. | year = 1969 | title = Japan's First General Election, 1890 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 0-521-07147-X }}
| last = Meyer | first = Milton Walter | year = 1992 | title = Japan: A Concise History | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | location = | isbn = 0-8226-3018-4 }}{{Japanese elections}} 5 : Politics of the Empire of Japan|1890 elections in Asia|1890 in Japan|General elections in Japan|July 1890 events |
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