| 词条 | Fearless Girl |
| 释义 |
| title = Fearless Girl | image = Fearless Girl sculpture by Kristen Visbal.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = The statue in March 2017 | painting_alignment = | other_language_1 = | other_title_1 = | other_language_2 = | other_title_2 = | wikidata = Q28916452 | artist = Kristen Visbal | year = | completion_date = | catalogue = | medium = Bronze sculpture | movement = | subject = | height_metric = | width_metric = | length_metric = | height_imperial = | width_imperial = | length_imperial = | diameter_metric = | diameter_imperial = | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | dimensions = {{convert|50|in|cm}} tall | dimensions_ref = [1] | weight = {{convert|250|lb|kg}} | designation = | condition = | museum = | city = New York City, New York, U.S. | coordinates = {{coord|40.705632|-74.013392|dim:1_type:landmark_region:US-NJ|display=inline,title}} | owner = State Street Global Advisors | accession = | module = | website = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }}Fearless Girl is a bronze sculpture by Kristen Visbal, commissioned by State Street Global Advisors (SSGA) via McCann New York. The statue was originally installed on March 7, 2017, at Bowling Green in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It depicts a girl who, as originally installed, faced the Charging Bull (or Wall Street Bull) statue.[1]Fearless Girl was commissioned to advertise for an index fund that comprises gender-diverse companies that have a relatively high percentage of women among their senior leadership. The plaque below the statue states: "Know the power of women in leadership. SHE makes a difference," with "SHE" being both a descriptive pronoun and the fund's NASDAQ ticker symbol. It was removed in November 2018 in preparation for relocation to a site in front of the New York Stock Exchange. A plaque with footprints was placed on the original site of Fearless Girl.[2] DescriptionFearless Girl, which measures approximately {{convert|50|in|cm}} tall and weighs about {{convert|250|lb}},[1] faced Charging Bull, a much larger and heavier bronze statue that is {{convert|11|ft}} tall and weighs {{convert|7100|lb}}.[3][1] Both are located in Manhattan's Bowling Green, at the intersection of Broadway and Whitehall Street.[4]Fearless Girl is meant to "send a message" about workplace gender diversity and encourage companies to recruit women to their boards.[5] The plaque below the statue states: "Know the power of women in leadership. SHE makes a difference," with SHE referring to both the gender of the subject and the fund's NASDAQ ticker symbol.[6]The commission by State Street Global Advisors specified that the statue should depict a girl with hands on her hips and chin up, with a height of 36 inches, which Kristen Visbal and her collaborators then increased to 50 inches, to better match the size of Charging Bull.[1] Still, Visbal commented that "I made sure to keep her features soft; she's not defiant, she's brave, proud, and strong, not belligerent".[1] She modeled the sculpture on two children, but many of the distinguishing features were removed so that it would be universally appealing. A child who would represent all children "so everyone could relate to the Fearless Girl."[1] HistoryThe statue was installed on March 7, 2017—the day before International Women's Day—by State Street Global Advisors, in a campaign developed by advertising agency McCann New York.[7] SSgA was celebrating the first anniversary of its "Gender Diversity Index" fund that "invests in U.S. large-capitalization companies that rank among the highest in their sector in achieving gender diversity across senior leadership".[8] The concept for the statue was developed by Senior Art Director Lizzie Wilson and Senior Copywriter Tali Gumbiner. Wilson and Gumbiner established both the idea for the statue as well as the overall look of the girl using countless moodboards and imagery, which Visbal referenced.[9] Fearless Girl was originally given a one-week City Hall permit that was later extended to 30 days.[16] Later, it was announced that the statue would remain in place through February 2018.[10][11] Among those advocating for the statue to stay longer was U.S. Representative Carolyn Maloney of New York's 12th congressional district, who stated, "This statue has touched hearts across the world with its symbolism of the resiliency of women."[12] New York City Public Advocate Letitia James wrote a letter that supported keeping the statue, "Fearless Girl stands as a powerful beacon, showing women—young and old—that no dream is too big and no ceiling is too high".[13]A petition on Change.org asking for the statue to be made permanent gathered 2,500 signatures in its first 48 hours.[14][15] Efforts to make the statue permanent continued after the statue was granted a one-year permit.[16] In April 2018, after Fearless Girl had been in place for thirteen months, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that both Charging Bull and Fearless Girl would be moved to a location facing the New York Stock Exchange. The move would occur before the end of 2018.[17][18] The statue was removed from its original location at Bowling Green on November 28, 2018.[2][19][20] It will be relocated to a spot in front of the New York Stock Exchange. On the spot where the statue stood now has a marker which reads, "Fearless Girl is on the move to The New York Stock Exchange. Until she's there, stand for her." The plaque also has footprints where people can stand.[2] ControversiesJuxtaposition with Charging BullArturo Di Modica, who installed Charging Bull in 1989, asked that the statue of the girl be removed, arguing that the piece exploited his work for commercial purposes and altered the perception of the bull.[21] He called Fearless Girl "an advertising trick" that he wants relocated, citing its political messaging.[22][23]On April 12, 2017, Di Modica and his attorney, former New York Civil Liberties Union director Norman Siegel, challenged city officials who let the Fearless Girl statue be installed.[24][25] Di Modica said that the statue corrupted Charging Bull{{'s}} artistic integrity by distorting the intent of his statue from "a symbol of prosperity and for strength" into a villain, and does so for SSgA's commercial gain.[26][27] Siegel said a lawsuit had not been filed as of yet.[24][25] De Blasio supported keeping the statue, tweeting that "Men who don't like women taking up space are exactly why we need the Fearless Girl."[28] On May 29, 2017, artist Alex Gardega added a statue of a small dog, titled Pissing Pug (alternatively Peeing Pug[29] or Sketchy Dog), and removed it after approximately three hours.[30] He described Fearless Girl as "corporate nonsense" and "disrespect to the artist that made the bull."[31] Feminist concernsSome women criticized the statue as "corporate feminism" that violated their own feminist principles.[32][33] The New York Times columnist Gina Bellafante called it "an exercise in corporate imaging" by State Street, which, she wrote, had entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with the United States Department of Justice, agreeing to pay more than $64 million to resolve fraud charges for secretly billing clients for unwarranted commissions. "Corporate feminism", she wrote, "operates with the singular goal of aiding and abetting a universe of mothers who tuck their daughters in at night whispering, 'Someday, honey, you can lead the emerging markets and sovereign debt team at Citigroup, and then become a director at Yahoo.{{'"}}[34] Christine Emba, an opinion writer for The Washington Post, wrote that the statue "portrays the empowered woman as a child, reinforcing the idea of femaleness as cute and inoffensive—a child with potential, maybe, but not all the way there."[35] Other controversiesGothamist reported on March 20, 2017, that masked New York activists covered the statue in "Make America Great Again" apparel and a US flag. They also placed pro-Donald Trump signs on it, including one reading "VETS B4 ILLEGALS" and another with a drawing of Pepe the Frog.[36]On October 6, 2017, State Street, the company that funded Fearless Girl, paid $5 million to settle a lawsuit from its female and minority employees who alleged the company violated equal pay rights.[37] Replicas lawsuitOn February 14, 2019, State Street Global Advisors filed a lawsuit against Kristen Visbal, claiming that she has made and sold replicas of the statue in violation of her contract with the company. The suit claims the artist made at least three unauthorized Fearless Girl reproductions that could damage the company's global campaign in support of female leadership and gender diversity.[38] In February of 2019, court filings reported a replica Fearless Girl statues are selling for as much as $250,000.[39] EffectsAs reported by Bloomberg News, analysts from marketing firm Apex Marketing estimated that the statue resulted in $7.4 million in free publicity for SSGA as of April 2017, broken down into $201,075 worth of free radio coverage, $393,047 worth of free social media coverage, $3,115,751 worth of free TV coverage, and $3,729,926 worth of free online/print news coverage.[40] At the 2017 Cannes Lions festival, Fearless Girl won three Grand Prix on the first day of the event alone, in the Glass (which deals with marketing addressing gender inequality) and PR categories, and tying for first in the Outdoor category alongside a campaign by Twitter.[41] DuplicatesA duplicate of the sculpture was unveiled outside the Grand Hotel in the Norwegian city of Oslo on March 8, 2018. It faces the Norwegian parliament Stortinget.[42][43] Another duplicate was reveiled by Kristen Visbal at Federation Square in Melbourne, Australia, before Women's Day at March 8, 2019. It is planned to stand there for four years.[44] Yet another was unveiled in Paternoster Square, near the London Stock Exchange in March 2019, to remain there until June 2019.[45] In March 2019, St. Timothy's School displayed another duplicate on its campus. It is set to remain in its place permanently. Awards
See also{{Portal|New York City|Visual arts}}
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David |date=April 19, 2018 |work=The New York Times|access-date=May 6, 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2018/04/19/news/companies/fearless-girl-moving-nyse/index.html |title='Fearless Girl' is moving to a new home |last=Wiener-Bronner |first=Danielle |date=April 19, 2018 |work=CNN Money |accessdate=April 19, 2018 |publisher=CNN}} 19. ^{{cite web | title=Gone Girl: Lower Manhattan 'Fearless Girl' Statue Is 'On The Move' | website=NPR.org | date=November 28, 2018 | url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/28/671546407/gone-girl-lower-manhattan-fearless-girl-statue-is-on-the-move | access-date=November 1, 2018}} 20. ^{{cite web | title='Fearless Girl' statue moved from spot opposite bull | website=ABC7 New York | date=November 28, 2018 | url=https://abc7ny.com/4779944/ | access-date=November 1, 2018}} 21. ^{{cite news |last1=Mettler |first1=Katie |title=Charging Bull sculptor says Fearless Girl distorts his art, so he's fighting back |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-charging-bull-sculptor-fearless-girl-20170412-story.html |work=Chicago Tribune |date=April 12, 2017}} 22. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/27/nyregion/fearless-girl-statue-de-blasio.html?_r=0 |title=‘Fearless Girl’ Statue to Stay in Financial District (for Now) |date=March 27, 2017 |work=The New York Times |last1=Stack |first1=Liam |accessdate=March 28, 2017}} 23. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/03/26/new-york-invite-fearless-girl-statue-stay-wall-street/99677644/ |title=Will New York invite the 'Fearless Girl' statue to stay on Wall Street? |date=March 26, 2017 |work=USA Today |language=en |last1=Dobnik |first1=Verena |accessdate=March 27, 2017}} 24. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/apr/12/charging-bull-new-york-fearless-girl-statue-copyright-claim |title='Charging Bull' sculptor says New York's 'Fearless Girl' statue violates his rights |date=April 11, 2017 |work=The Guardian|access-date=April 13, 2017 |publisher=Associated Press |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} 25. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/12/nyregion/charging-bull-sculpture-wall-street-fearless-girl.html |title=Wounded by ‘Fearless Girl,’ Creator of ‘Charging Bull’ Wants Her to Move |last=Barron |first=James |date=April 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times|access-date=April 13, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}} 26. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/04/12/charging-bull-sculptor-says-fearless-girl-distorts-his-art-hes-fighting-back/ |title=‘Charging Bull’ sculptor says ‘Fearless Girl’ distorts his art. He’s fighting back. |website=Washington Post|access-date=April 12, 2017}} 27. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/12/523592057/sculptor-of-wall-street-bull-says-fearless-girl-horns-in-on-his-work |title=Sculptor Of Wall Street Bull Says 'Fearless Girl' Horns In On His Work |website=NPR|access-date=April 12, 2017}} 28. ^{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Aaron |title=NYC mayor to 'Charging Bull' artist: 'Fearless Girl is staying put.' |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/12/news/charging-bull-fearless-girl/ |work=CNNMoney |date=April 12, 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/05/30/news/fearless-girl-urinating-dog/ |title='Fearless Girl' joined briefly by 'Peeing Pug' statue |date=May 30, 2017 |work=CNNMoney}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/urinating-sketchy-dog-statue-appears-next-fearless-girl-n766071 |title=Urinating dog statue placed next to "Fearless Girl" as a critique |publisher=NBC News}} 31. ^{{cite news |last1=Fugallo |first1=Nick |last2=Jaeger |first2=Max |date=May 29, 2017 |title=Pissed-off artist adds statue of urinating dog next to 'Fearless Girl' |url=https://nypost.com/2017/05/29/pissed-off-artist-adds-statue-of-urinating-dog-next-to-fearless-girl/ |dead-url=no |work=New York Post |publisher=Jesse Angelo |issn=1090-3321 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624063905/https://nypost.com/2017/05/29/pissed-off-artist-adds-statue-of-urinating-dog-next-to-fearless-girl/ |archive-date=June 24, 2018 |access-date=July 19, 2018}} 32. ^The Sculpture of a “Fearless Girl” on Wall Street Is Fake Corporate Feminism. The bronze statue installed by an advertising firm and a financial firm represents basically everything that’s wrong with our society. Jillian Steinhauer, Hyperallergic, March 10, 2017 33. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/mar/14/fearless-girl-statue-whats-wrong-feminism-today The 'Fearless Girl' statue sums up what's wrong with feminism today. Corporate feminism always ends up betraying women’s struggle for justice. That’s why this Wall Street-funded sculpture will never be a symbol to embrace.] Cara Marsh Sheffler. The Guardian. March 14, 2017 34. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/16/nyregion/fearless-girl-statue-manhattan.html |title=The False Feminism of ‘Fearless Girl’ |last=Bellafante |first=Ginia |date=March 16, 2017 |work=The New York Times|access-date=April 13, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}} 35. ^{{cite web |last=Emba |first=Christine |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fearless-girl-and-charging-bull-are-more-alike-than-youd-think/2017/04/14/d3d909de-2147-11e7-ad74-3a742a6e93a7_story.html |title='Fearless Girl' and 'Charging Bull' are more alike than you'd think |date=April 14, 2017 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=April 15, 2017}} 36. ^{{Cite news |url=http://gothamist.com/2017/03/20/fearless_girl_statue_trumped.php#photo-1 |title=Men In MAGA Hats Transform 'Fearless Girl' Statue Into Trump Supporter |work=Gothamist|access-date=November 1, 2017 |language=en-US}} 37. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/business/fearless-girl-settlement.html |title=Firm Behind ‘Fearless Girl’ Statue Underpaid Women, U.S. Says |work=The New York Times |date=October 6, 2017 |access-date=August 8, 2018 |language=en}} 38. ^{{cite news |last=Kinsella |first=Eileen |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/firm-suing-fearless-girl-artist-for-replicas-1468270 |title=The Investment Firm That Commissioned Wall Street’s ‘Fearless Girl’ Is Suing the Artist for Making Replicas |work=artnet news |date=2019-02-19 |accessdate=2019-02-20 }} 39. ^{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Greg |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2019/02/here-s-how-much-a-fearless-girl-replica-costs.html |title=Here’s how much a “Fearless Girl” replica costs |work=bizwomen |publisher=American City Business Journals |date=2019-02-27 |accessdate=2019-02-28 }} 40. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-28/fearless-girl-earns-7-4-million-in-free-media-for-state-street |title=The Fearless Girl Is Worth $7.4 Million in Free Publicity for This Company |date=April 28, 2017 |work=Bloomberg.com |access-date=June 1, 2017}} 41. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.adweek.com/creativity/fearless-girl-takes-cannes-by-storm-winning-3-grand-prix-on-her-first-day/ |title=Fearless Girl Takes Cannes by Storm, Winning 3 Grand Prix on Her First Day |work=Adweek |access-date=June 22, 2017 |language=en-US}} 42. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/osloby/i/kayG3a/Skapte-spetakkel-pa-Wall-Street---na-star-Fearless-girl-pa-Karl-Johan |title=Skapte spetakkel på Wall Street - nå står «Fearless girl» på Karl Johan |work=Aftenposten|access-date=March 8, 2018 |language=nb-NO |quote=there is a duplicate that has now come to Oslo.}} 43. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.tv2.no/a/9726322/ |title=Norge har fått sin egen «Fearless Girl» |work=TV 2|access-date=March 8, 2018 |language=no-nb |quote=A duplicate of the world-renowned statue is unveiled}} 44. ^The Fearless Girl at Fed Square, retrieved on 28 February 2019 45. ^https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-47469782 46. ^{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Writer |url=https://www.shootonline.com/news/fearless-girl%C2%A0earns-best-show-most%C2%A0distinction-aicp-next-awards |title="Fearless Girl" Earns Best in Show "Most" Distinction At AICP Next Awards |work=Shoot.com |publisher=DCA Business Media LLC |date=June 12, 2018 |accessdate=June 20, 2018}} 47. ^{{cite news |last=Sherwood |first=I-Hsien |url=http://adage.com/article/agency-news/fearless-girl-takes-top-honor-2018-effie-awards/313709/ |title='Fearless Girl' Takes Top Honor at 2018 EFFIE Awards |work=Advertising Age |date=May 31, 2018 |accessdate=June 20, 2018}} 48. ^1 {{cite news |last=Griner |first=David |url=https://www.adweek.com/creativity/fearless-girls-dominating-run-at-cannes-ends-with-4-grand-prix-and-18-total-lions/ |title=Fearless Girl’s Dominating Run at Cannes Ends With 4 Grand Prix and 18 Total Lions |work=Adweek |date=June 24, 2017 |accessdate=October 17, 2018 }} 16 : 2017 establishments in New York City|2017 in women's history|2017 sculptures|2018 establishments in Norway|Advertisements|Bronze sculptures in New York City|Feminist art|Financial District, Manhattan|Gender equality|Outdoor sculptures in Manhattan|Outdoor sculptures in Norway|Sculptures of children in Norway|Sculptures of children in the United States|Sculptures of women in New York City|Statues in New York City|Statues in Norway |
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