| 词条 | 18th G7 summit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| summit_name = 18th G7 summit | image = 2379 - München - Residenz.JPG | caption = Wittelsbach palace in Munich, the Residenz | country = Germany | dates = July 6–8, 1992 | follows = 17th G7 summit | precedes = 19th G7 summit }} The 18th G7 Summit was held in Munich, Germany between July 6 to 8, 1992. The venue for the summit meetings was at the Residenz palace in central Munich.[1] The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976)[2] and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).[3] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.[4] Leaders at the summitThe G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.[3] The 18th G7 summit was the first summit for Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato and Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa. It was also the last summit for Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and U.S. President George H.W. Bush. ParticipantsThese summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:[5][1][6]
IssuesThe summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[4] Issues which were discussed at this summit included:
GallerySee also
Notes1. ^1 Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.. Accessed 2009-03-11. [https://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1241051557587454 Archived] 2009-04-30. 2. ^Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5gP5XYiqk?url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists |date=2009-04-29 }} Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the Group of Eight (G7) with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997. 3. ^1 Reuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008. 4. ^1 Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&pg=PA205&dq=G7+summit&client=firefox-a#PPA205,M1 Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.] 5. ^Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV)," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603074840/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx |date=2010-06-03 }} Brookings. March 27, 2009; "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602190742/http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ |date=2010-06-02 }} 6. ^MOFA: Summit (18); European Union: "EU and the G8" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226165606/http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php |date=2007-02-26 }} References
External links
10 : G7 summits|1992 in politics|History of Munich|Diplomatic conferences in Germany|20th-century diplomatic conferences|1992 conferences|1992 in Germany|1992 in international relations|1990s in Munich|July 1992 events |
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