| 词条 | Ferguson v. McKiernan |
| 释义 |
|name = Ferguson v. McKiernan |court = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania |image = File:Seal of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.svg |imagesize = 200px |imagelink = |imagealt = |caption = Seal of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania |full name = Ivonne V. Ferguson, Appellee v. Joel L. McKiernan, Appellant. |date decided = {{start date|2007|12|27}} |citations = 940 A.2d 1236, 596 Pa. 78 |judges = Cappy, Castille, Nigro, Newman, Saylor, Eakin, Baer |decision by = Baer, joined by Cappy and Castille |dissenting = Saylor |Dissent2 = Eakin |NotParticipating = Justices Nigro and Newman |prior actions = |appealed from = Pennsylvania Superior Court |subsequent actions = |related actions = |opinions = A sperm donor is not liable to pay child support for children conceived with his sperm even where the sperm donation was not conducted anonymously. |keywords = {{hlist | family law child support sperm donor }} |italic title = }}Ferguson v. McKiernan was a 2007 Pennsylvania Supreme Court case in which, in a 3–2 decision, the court reversed a lower court ruling requiring sperm donor Joel McKiernan to pay child support.[1][2] Factual backgroundJoel McKiernan met Ivonne Ferguson in May 1991, with their relationship becoming intimate several months later. In 1993, Ferguson expressed a desire to have another child. However, after finding out that her tubal ligation was irreversible, Ferguson submitted to in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to conceive another child. During this process, she asked McKiernan to deliver his sperm so that she could use it for the IVF procedure. While he was initially hesitant to do so, she convinced him by promising that she would not track him down for any child support afterwards.[3] Ferguson gave birth to male twins (Travis and Tyler)[4] on August 25, 1994. Afterwards, McKiernan mostly maintained his anonymity until Ferguson found his phone number and filed for child support in May 1999.[3] Decision and appealsWhile both a trial and a Superior Court ruled in favor of Ferguson,[3][5] their ruling was overturned by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in a 3–2 vote on December 27, 2007.[1] In the majority opinion (joined by Justices Ralph Cappy and Ronald Castille), Justice Max Baer upheld the validity of the verbal contract between Joel McKiernan and Ivonne Ferguson had and held that McKiernan had no obligation to pay child support.[1][4] In his opinion, Justice Baer cited the Uniform Parentage Act and wrote that holding sperm donors responsible for paying child support would make them less likely to donate their sperm, which in turn would limit the reproductive prerogatives of would-be mothers. Justice Baer also noted the spread of unconventional methods of sperm donation in Pennsylvania in recent years. Finally, Baer rejected the causation argument in favor of forcing Kiernan to pay child support and pointed out that, were it not for McKiernan's actions, she would not have had children unless another, anonymous donor had given sperm, and she thus would not have been entitled to any child support.[1] DissentsIn their dissents, Justices Thomas Saylor and J. Michael Eakin argued that there is no basis in Pennsylvania public policy for the court's ruling. In addition to this, in his dissent, Justice Eakin pointed out that relying on the 2002 Uniform Parentage Act is misplaced since this act was not adopted by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[3] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite case|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/pa-supreme-court/1033446.html|litigants=Ferguson v. McKiernan|court=Pa.|date=December 27, 2007|accessdate=April 23, 2017}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/22488113/ns/us_news-life/t/sperm-donor-wins-child-support-battle/|title=Sperm donor wins child support battle|work=NBC News|date=January 3, 2008|accessdate=April 23, 2017}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite case|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/pa-superior-court/1306803.html|litigants=Ferguson v. McKiernan|court=Pa. Super.|date=July 22, 2004|accessdate=April 23, 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4JDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|title=Love's Promises: How Formal and Informal Contracts Shape All Kinds of Families|first=Martha M.|last=Ertman|publisher=Beacon Press|year=2015|isbn=9780807059401|pages=54-56|chapter=Legal Rules of Reproductive Technology Agreements|series=Queer Action / Queer Ideas}} 5. ^{{cite web|first=Wendy|last=McElroy|date=May 25, 2005|url=http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1516|title=Case Could Freeze Sperm Donation|publisher=Independent Institute|website=independent.org|accessdate=April 23, 2017}} 5 : Child support|Sperm donation|United States reproductive rights case law|2007 in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania state case law |
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