| 释义 |
- References
- Further reading
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}{{use list-defined references|date=October 2015}}{{Use British English|date=October 2015}}{{Infobox artifact
| name = Ferri da facciata
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| image_caption = Ferro in Piazza del Duomo, Florence
| material = wrought iron
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}}A ferro (plural ferri) or {{lang|it|ferro da facciata}} is an item of functional wrought-iron work on the façade of an Italian building. Ferri are a common feature of Medieval and Renaissance architecture in Lazio, Tuscany and Umbria. They are of three main types: {{lang|it|ferri da cavallo}} have a ring for tethering horses, and are set at about {{nobreak|1.5 metres}} from the ground; holders for standards and torches are placed higher on the façade and on the corners of the building; {{lang|it|arpioni}} have a cup-shaped hook or hooks to support cloth for shade or to be dried, and are set near balconies.{{r|bisol}} In Florence, ferri da cavallo and arpioni were often made to resemble the head of a lion, the symbolic marzocco of the Republic of Florence.{{r|nove}} Later, cats, dragons, horses and fantastic animals were also represented.{{r|nove|john}} ReferencesFurther reading- Assunta Maria Adorisio (1996). Per Uso e Per Decoro: L’arte del ferro a Firenze e in Toscana dal eta gotica al XX secolo. Florence: Maria Christina de Montemayor.
- Giulio Ferrari. ([1920?]) [https://archive.org/details/ilferronellartei00ferruoft Il ferro nell'arte Italiana. Centosettanta tavole riproduzioni in parte inedite di 368 soggetti, del medio evo, del rinascimento, del periodo barocco e neo-classico raccolte e ordinate con testo esplicativo]. Kraus Reprint, 1973.
- James Lindow (2007). The Renaissance Palace in Florence: magnificence and splendor in fifteenth-century Italy. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
- Claudio Paolini. Repertorio delle architettura civili di Firenze. [Database] Palazzo Spinelli – Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze.
- Augusto Pedrini (1929). Il ferro battuto, sbalzato e cesellato, nell-arte italiana, dal secolo undicesimo al secolo diciottesimo. Milan: Ulrico Hoepli. (Published in English: Decorative ironwork of Italy. Atglen PA: Schiffer Publishers, 2010.)
- Urbano Quinto (1998). Gli antichi segreti del fabbro. Galleria Urbano Quinto.
- Herbert Railton (1900). [https://archive.org/details/pendrawingsofflo00railuoft Pen drawings of Florence]. Cleveland, Ohio: J.H. Jansen.
- John Superti (2014). I Cavalli di Firenze = The Horses of Florence. Florence: Polistampa.
1 : Architectural elements |