“Fibre to the office”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

FTTO Technology emerged in Germany at the start of the 1980s when fibre based connectivity was extensively explored. FTTO appeared as a response to the growing network complexity.

Technology

FTTO is a hybrid network involving fibre optic cabling (pre-terminated or extractable cables) and copper twisted pair patch cords with 8P8C connectors.^[2] In an FTTO environment, fibre is laid up vertically from the central distribution switch right to the office floor, where it runs horizontally to active FTTO switches at the users' workplaces. The final distance of 3–5 m to the end user desk is bridged using standard 8P8C twisted pair patch cords. There are only two network levels: the core and the access with no aggregation or distribution level in between compared to traditional structured cabling networks.^[5]

The FTTO switch provides a connection between optical uplinks and electrical downlinks. Typically, the switch has up to five twisted pair ports supporting Power over Ethernet (IEEE 802.3af, 15.4W per Port) and Power over Ethernet Plus (IEEE 802.3at, 30W per Port). Modern FTTO Switches offer speeds of 1 Gbit/s per user port (Gigabit Ethernet). Link aggregation may also be supported.^[2] Thus, PCs, laptops, IP Phones, wireless access points, cameras, access control units, building automation devices (including lights control, electricity meters, cooling and HVAC units), and other devices with network interfaces may be connected to the backbone network with Gigabit speeds.^[6]

FTTO should not be confused with fibre to the desk (FTTD), which is a concept for structured cabling that is found mostly in military environments as a secure communication technology.

Benefits

Due to the signal transfer qualities of fibre and its electromagnetic interference (EMI) resilience, signals can be transferred over distances longer than 100 m (100 m is the channel limit in traditional structured cabling networks).^[7]

Multi-mode fibre cabling covers distances of up to 550 m and single-mode of up to 10 km for Gigabit Ethernet and more. This is ideal for large, spatially distributed facilities typically found in public administration, universities, hospitals, airports, shopping malls and military.

FTTO is characterized by an absence of network hierarchy which may make an installation easier to deploy and manage.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

In FTTO designs there is no need for floor distributors, and no investment in cooling, power supply and security equipment (i.e. access control, fire protection, sensors, UPS) for the floor distribution room is required. Floor distribution rooms hosting technical equipments (usually measuring 6–18 m² each){{citation needed|date=September 2016}} are not required and the room saved can be used alternatively.^[2]

Another advantage of FTTO infrastructures is their flexibility. New users, services or applications can be easily accommodated into the network.{{clarify|reason=How is this different to traditional structured cabling?|date=September 2016}} Moreover, network adjustments, upgrades and physical changes are seamlessly integrated into the existing network without operation stops.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} Also, FTTO installations can be realised on average by 60% quicker than their traditional counterparts.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} Research shows that using EEE-enabled switches can save up to 70% power consumption compared to traditional non-EEE network designs.^[2]{{citation needed|date=March 2017|reason=source quotes 'D-Link First Company to Offer Green Ethernet Technology for Network Connectivity, Embrace Energy-Saving Initiatives. D-Link. October 24, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2011' paper which does not support claim}}. On top of that, most advanced FTTO infrastructures help to save up to 40% TCO.^[8]{{citation needed|date=September 2016|reason=Nexan sourced article, no second source}}

Among the more advanced features of FTTO switches are precise link diagnostics (on the uplinks and TP ports), programmable function contacts, hardened management against hacking attacks, intelligent power budget management, easy reboot with memory cards, and extended durability. Many products have a mean time between failures (MTBF) of over 60 years (based on Siemens calculation procedure) and interoperability certificates with the leading manufacturers of core equipment (i.e. Cisco, HP, Alcatel).^[9]{{citation needed|date=September 2016|reason=Nexans source, need second source}}

Advantages of fibre-based infrastructures

Advantages of FTTO

Disadvantages of FTTO

References

1. ^IT Wissen, das große Online-Lexikon, FTTO (fiber to the office).Retrieved 2016-06-07
2. ^¹²³⁴White Paper, Nexans, White Paper on Green Buildings and Energy Efficiency of FTTO Based Infrastructures. Retrieved 2016-07-19
3. ^¹White Paper, Datwyler, OFFICE CABLING: FTTO - TAKING FIBRE TO THE OFFICE?. Retrieved 2016-07-19
4. ^Future Proof Fibre to the Office Solutions. Retrieved 2016-07-19
5. ^Clifford, Walker (2012-02), UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF FTTO (FIBER TO THE OFFICE/OUTLET). Retrieved 2016-07-13
6. ^VOLTIMUM, Flyer, Smart Guide to FTTO. Retrieved 2016-07-19
7. ^GARDNER, William, Article October 1995, Fiber versus copper in local area networks. Retrieved 2016-07-13
8. ^Stallinga, Oene-Wim (2016-01-29),Investitionen in Kabel geschickt planen, LANline. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
9. ^Article (2016-04-26), Tipps für smarte Entscheidungen, Sicherheit.info. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
10. ^Andrew Oliviero, Bill Woodward, [https://books.google.com/books?id=BjYKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=International+standard+ISO/IEC+11801:+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Generic+cabling+for+customer+premises&source=bl&ots=VGEUWdW57K&sig=gRP04KtIFq--0JmGLUzit4Nia3c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBmJSfw-3NAhVIMZoKHfh-BMoQ6AEIYjAL#v=onepage&q=International%20standard%20ISO%2FIEC%2011801%3A%20Information%20technology%20%E2%80%94%20Generic%20cabling%20for%20customer%20premises&f=false Cabling: The Complete Guide to Copper and Fiber-Optic Networking], 2014
11. ^Al-Azzawi, Abdul, [https://books.google.com/books?id=phPZo3jqho4C&pg=PA24&dq=difference+between+optical+fibre+and+twisted+pair&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicuuKRpf_NAhWkFJoKHdD3AdgQ6AEILzAA#v=onepage&q=difference%20between%20optical%20fibre%20and%20twisted%20pair&f=false Fiber Optics: Principles and Practices], 2007
12. ^Woodward, Bill [https://books.google.com/books?id=L7lYBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA434&dq=fibre+optics+and+twisted+pair&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEivzDp__NAhXGE5oKHYGgCMkQ6AEIRjAD#v=onepage&q=fibre%20optics%20and%20twisted%20pair&f=false Fiber Optics Installer (FOI) Certification Exam Guide], 2015
13. ^¹Ganesan, K., [https://www.bicsi.org/uploadedFiles/BICSI_Website/Global_Community/Presentations/Middle_East_and_Africa/Ganesan_FO_Dubai_2016.pdf Fiber Optic Infrastructures for Modern Data Networks. Retrieved 2016-06-07]