| 词条 | FIDAC |
| 释义 |
| name = FIDAC | established = {{Start date|28 November 1920}} | founding_location = Paris, France | headquarters = Paris, France | dissolved = 1940 }} FIDAC (French: Fédération Interalliée Des Anciens Combattants, English: The Interallied Federation of War Veterans Organisations) was established in Paris in November 1920, at the initiative of the veterans from World War I predominant pacifists, such as Hubert Aubert, director in UNC (National Combatants' Union), France,[1] and in particular Charles Bertrand, Secretary-General of UNC and deputy in the French Parliament. They had the idea of uniting veterans’ associations established after the end of World War I in various allied countries into an international federation whose main purpose was to promote peace, continuously strengthen the brotherhood initiated on the battlefield, and provide help to the wounded, the disabled, widowers, war orphans, veterans, and also commemorate the heroes fallen in battles. Charles Bertrand, general secretary and future president of UNC in France, thus became the first president of FIDAC (1920-1924). HistoryAt the founding meeting on 28 November 1920, FIDAC was joined by associations of veterans from France (6 associations, including UNC and UF), United Kingdom (British Empire Service League and then British Legion), USA (American Legion), Belgium (FNC), Romania (National Union of Former Combatants), Czechoslovaki FIDAC was founded on the principle of political and religious neutrality and forbid associations from former enemy countries to join. Subsequently, there were proposals for the federation to include the organizations of former combatants from Germany, Austria, Bulgaria and other former enemy countries. Proposals were rejected as this would have meant not only changing the constitution, but also the name of FIDAC, which had already become a symbol of unity. Instead, the decision was made to establish annual contacts with the war veterans' associations in the former enemy countries to discuss global peace issues and to create a permanent committee (representing FIDAC and other organizations) responsible with making the necessary arrangements to enable these contacts.[3] Active between 1920 and 1938, this federation included a women's branch in 1925, which promoted correspondence and student exchange programs between allied countries.[4] After its foundation, FIDAC organized its first congress in Paris in 1921, where it launched the idea of raising a memorial to celebrate the allied forces. At their congress in Rome in 1925, Cointe Hill in Liège, Belgium was chosen as the site of this memorial. The construction began in 1928 and was completed in 1938. The memorial included the Sacre-Cœur Church as a religious building and a tower as a civil memorial. The civil memorial contained numerous monuments offered by the allied nations: France, Italy, United Kingdom, Romania, Greece, Poland, Russia and Spain. These monuments were located both outside (on the esplanade) and inside the votive tower. The FIDAC CongressesThe FIDAC congresses held between 1920 and 1938 were:[5]
The outbreak of the World War II, following the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, led to the cancellation of the Congress scheduled for the end of 1939 (in US). FIDAC Executive meetings continued at the Paris headquarters, the last of which took place in March 1940. A few weeks later France was invaded by the Axis powers and FIDAC’s existence had come to an end.[6] The FIDAC PresidentsThe president of FIDAC was elected at every annual congress. After Charles Bertrand, FIDAC's first president (1920-1924), the following were elected as presidents:[7]
Each country was represented on the board by a vice-president elected within its national branch. Unfortunately, the federation did not survive World War II. Its activity was continued by the World Veterans Federation, that was founded after the end of World War II in 1950, also in Paris, and had the motto: "None can speak more eloquently for peace than those who have fought in war." References1. ^F.I.D.A.C. (Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants) Paris 1933, p. 2-3 2. ^F.I.D.A.C. (Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants) Paris 1933, p. 2-3 3. ^The Spectator No.5, 594, 12 sept 1935, p.2 4. ^F.I.D.A.C. (Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants) Paris 1933, p. 8-9 5. ^F.I.D.A.C. (Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants) Paris 1933, p. 4-5 6. ^Harding, Brian; Keeping Faith (The History of The Royal British Legion), Leo Cooper. 2001, p.163 7. ^F.I.D.A.C. (Fédération Interalliée des Anciens Combattants) Paris 1933, p. 6-7 Bibliography
4 : Veterans' organizations|Organizations established in 1920|International nongovernmental organizations|International organizations based in France |
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