| 词条 | Fifteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops |
| 释义 |
The 15th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops took place 3–28 October 2018 and had as its theme "Young People, Faith, and Vocational Discernment".[1] Its aim was to "accompany young people on their way of life towards maturity so that, through a process of discernment, they can discover their life project and realize it with joy, opening the encounter with God and with men, and actively participating in the building up of the Church and society".[1] PreparationThe theme was chosen by Pope Francis after consulting the members of the Synod Council chosen by the previous Ordinary Assembly, regional and national bishops' conferences, the Union of Superiors Generals, the leaders of the Eastern Catholic Churches, and others.[3][4] The theme, according to Francis, would allow for consideration of the decline in priestly vocations along with the broader question of discerning one's vocation.[5] In January 2017, Pope Francis released a letter that invited "Young People" to contribute to the planning of the Synod. He wrote: {{Quote|A better world can be built also as a result of your efforts, your desire to change and your generosity. Do not be afraid to listen to the Spirit who proposes bold choices; do not delay when your conscience asks you to take risks in following the Master. The Church also wishes to listen to your voice, your sensitivities and your faith; even your doubts and your criticism. Make your voice heard, let it resonate in communities and let it be heard by your shepherds of souls.[6]}}In June 2017, Cardinal Lorenzo Baldisseri, Secretary General of the Synod of Bishops, announced the launch of a website to present the Synod's planning document accompanied by a questionnaire in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, and Italian to gather suggestions and feedback on it. He said he hoped to organize a gathering of youth in advance of the Synod. Its 53 questions, mostly multiple choice, were organized into seven sections and targeted at learning about local experiences specific to the younger generation.[8] The planning document said that its working definition of young people meant ages 16 to 29 and that it was prioritizing communication with them: "In pastoral activity, young people are not objects but agents. Oftentimes, society sees them as nonessential or inconvenient. The Church cannot reflect such an attitude, because all young people, without exception, have the right to be guided in life's journey."[9] The Synod planning document posed another set of questions to bishops to assess how they minister to young people and included some questions targeted to specific geographic regions and asked, for example, about responding to "extreme violence" or working in a society that is "greatly secularized."[10] In early July, he reported that the questionnaire had received more than 60,000 responses and the website had generated 173,000 "contacts." He said he hoped to reach "all young people, not only active Catholic young people."[11] In September, he hosted a seminar with about 20 teenagers and young adults to hear their ideas on the planned Synod.[12] The participants were uninhibited in providing advice about topics and struggling to understand what the Synod proposed to accomplish.[13] Participants{{cleanup_list|date=December 2018}}Baldisseri announced in January 2017 that the Synod auditors, attendees without voting rights, would be young men and women selected to represent the entire world.[9] At total of 29 Bishops, including Cardinal Reinhard Marx of Germany, Cardinal Gerald Lacroix of Quebec, Canada, Archbishop Vincenzo Paglia, president of the Pontifical Academy for Life, Cardinal Blase Cupich of Chicago, USA and Cardinal Joseph Tobin of Newark, USA,[15] attended as the Pope's personal delegates.[1] Tobin later announced on 21 September that he would not attend the Synod, feeling it was more important to address matters concerning sex abuse in the Newark Archdiocese.[2] From India, attendees included Cardinal Mar George Alancherry and Bishop Mar Joseph Pamplani from Arch Diocese of Thalasseryfrom Syro Malabar Catholic Church, as well as Cardinal Mar Baselios Clemmis from Syro Malankara Catholic Church.
Working documentThe working document (instrumentum laboris) that guided the bishops' discussions was released in June 2018.[19] It was intended to provide an overview of situations young people between 16 and 29 are facing around the world. It was developed after hearing from young people and bishops conferences.[20] It states that "Young people feel a lack of harmony with the Church" and "It seems that we don’t understand the vocabulary, and therefore also the needs, of the young."[19] Throwaway culture, a special concern of Pope Francis, was discussed, as was death, corruption, war, and drug-trafficking. The document also lists friendship, fake news, and video games as topics along with migration and disabilities. Ecumenism and interreligious dialogue will also be discussed. The document discusses the challenges and opportunities the internet presents.[19] The Church can reach young people through social media, it states, but it is also critical of video games and they way they "mold in young people a debatable vision of the human being and the world, nourishing a relational style based on violence." It also highlights many of their positive features, including a desire to be involved in civic life, protection of the environment, and a desire to root out corruption and discrimination.[19]The Synod took up young people's sexuality, including precocious sexuality, sexual promiscuity, digital pornography, the exhibition of one's body online, and sexual tourism, as "risk disfiguring the beauty and depth of emotional and sexual life".[20][19] The concerns of gay youth "who, above all, want to remain close to the Church," was a special concern.[19] In the responses to the surveys, many LBGT youth said they wish to "‘benefit from a greater closeness’ and experience greater care from the Church."[19][20] The document also insisted that the Church must be open and welcoming to all, including LGBT Catholics, those of other faiths, and those of no faith at all.[20] Secretary General Lorenzo Baldisseri said at the release of the instrumentum that the Church is making an effort to engage the LGBT community because "we are open. We don't want to be closed in on ourselves."[20] The working document also acknowledges that “controversial issues,” such as contraception, abortion, homosexuality, cohabitation, and marriage, are a “source of debate among youth, both inside the Church and in society.”[19][20] While some find the Church's teaching to be a "source of joy,"[20] those who differ from Church teaching's on these issues "still want to continue to be part of the Church and demand more clarity on it."[19] As a result, the synod fathers were asked to “confront, in a concrete way, controversial arguments such as homosexuality and the issues of gender, over which the young already argue with freedom and with no taboo.”[19] The Synod will also discuss the challenges the Church sometimes has in explaining the Church's teaching on sexuality to contemporary society.[19][20] Saying that "No bishops' conference offers solutions or recipes", the document says that "the question of sexuality must be discussed more openly and without prejudice."[20] Research cited in the document shows that young people face discrimination because of their gender, social class, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, geographical position, disability, or ethnicity. Young people also "report the persistence of religious discrimination, especially against Christians."[19] The instrumentum reported that the surveys called for a Church that is "committed to justice," willing to discuss the role of women, that has homilies that are more relevant to their lives and their discernment, and a liturgy that is “alive and close” to them.[19][20] The church must accompany young people in their lives, the document states, as education and evangelization are an “ecclesial duty and a right of each young person.”[19] Young people reported that the Church can often seem distant, and desire a Church that is close, transparent, and up to date.[20] The Church is also being called to listen to youth, according to the document, and to discuss difficult issues.[20] The working document stated that scandals in the Church and society, as well as a perception that "many times the Church seems to be too severe and often associated to an excessive moralism," are causing young people to leave the Church.[19] The document acknowledges these "serious and respectable reasons," and that too often the young have been assigned a "passive role within the Christian community."[19] Young people report wanting a more active role in the leadership of the church.[20] Information CommitteeOn 10 October, Pope Francis scored a victory in the Synod's first round of voting when it was agreed that Synod members loyal to the Pope would serve in the Vatican's newly established "Information Committee."[4] This committee is responsible for deciding what Vatican-related information is released to the public and how it’s presented.[4] The committee is led by Paolo Ruffini, the Italian layman who heads the Vatican’s Secretariat for Communications, and also features Jesuit Father Antonio Spadaro, one of the pope’s closest advisors and allies.[4] Other members of the committee include Canadian Cardinal Gérald Lacroix, South African Cardinal Wilfrid Fox Napier (who took the place of Guinean Cardinal Robert Sarah, Prefect of the Vatican’s Congregation for Divine Worship, who was elected but declined for “personal reasons”), Austrian Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, Filipino Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, and Australian Cardinal Anthony Fisher.[4] The five following selections took part in this voting: Cardinal Carlos Aguiar Retes, Archbishop of Mexico City, a papal delegate to the synod; Cardinal Peter Turkson of Ghana, Prefect of the Vatican dicastery for Integral Human Development; Cardinal Oswald Gracias, Archbishop of Mumbai and a member of the pope’s “C9” advisory council; Archbishop Bruno Forte of Chieti, Italy, also a member of the synod’s organizing council; and Archbishop Peter Comensoli of Melbourne, also a papal delegate.[4] To the five who were selected, five others were added: Italian Cardinal Lorenzo Baldisseri, secretary general of the Synod of Bishops; Cardinal Sérgio da Rocha of Brasilia, general relator; Brazilian Father Alexandre Awi Mello, secretary for the Vatican’s dicastery for Laity, Family and Life; Archbishop Sviatoslav Shevchuk, head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church; and Father Eduardo Gonzalo Redondo, head of vocations ministry in Cuba.[4] Two of these five additions sat on it ex officio and three others are direct papal appointments.[4] Also in the first round of voting, Cardinal Robert Sarah of Guinea failed to qualify as an additional African delegate and papal preferences such as Cardinal Blase Cupich, Cardinal Oscare Rodriguez Maradiaga, and Cardinal Reinhard Marx also did not receive approval to participate.[4] Apostolic ExhortationDrawing on the Synod's document on discussions, Pope Francis authored an apostolic exhortation, Christus Vivit (Christ is living), which he signed on 25 March 2019.[5] The text of the document was published on 2 April 2019, the anniversary of the death of Pope John Paul II, who was "the first Pope to address a letter to young people in 1985 and he was the Pope who began the World Youth Days".[6] The Vatican also provided a summary of Christus Vivit by Andrea Tornielli.[7] Francis acknowledged the church's history of promoting male domination and clerical protection of members of the Church who committed the abuse of power, the abuse of conscience, sexual and financial abuse against women and children.[8] He wrote that the church had to repair its reputation with young people or risk becoming "a museum".[9] He also acknowledged abuses committed "by some bishops, priests, religious and laypersons" and asked young people to hold priests accountable by reminding them of their vows and vocations.[10] See also
References1. ^1 https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/cupich-tobin-appointed-by-pope-francis-to-october-synod-on-young-people-60112 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]2. ^https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/cardinal-tobin-will-not-attend-oct-vatican-synod-67649 3. ^{{cite news |title=Pope appoints presidents-delegate for Synod on young people |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2018-07/pope-francis-appointments-synod-youth-presidents-delegate.html |accessdate=14 July 2018 |work=Vatican News |date=14 July 2018}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 https://cruxnow.com/news-analysis/2018/10/11/after-early-votes-its-clear-pope-francis-has-his-synod-of-bishops/ 5. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-03/pope-francis-signs-synod-exhortation-paplor.html | accessdate = 3 April 2019 | date= 25 March 2019| title =Loreto: Pope signs Apostolic Exhortation to young people| first = John | last = Waters|work= Vatican News }} 6. ^{{cite news | work = Zenit | url = https://zenit.org/articles/christus-vivit-pope-francis-post-synodal-document-on-young-people-published-on-april-2-the-memorial-of-the-death-of-pope-john-paul-ii-full-summary/|accessdate = 3 April 2019 | date= 2 April 2019| title = 'Christus Vivit' — Pope Francis' Post-Synodal Document on Young People, Published on April 2, the Memorial of the Death of Pope John Paul II }} 7. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-04/pope-francis-apostolic-exhortation-christ-is-alive-synthesis.html | accessdate = 3 April 2019 | date= 2 April 2019 |work= Vatican News | title=Christ is alive: Synthesis of the Apostolic Exhortation}} 8. ^{{cite news| work = Crux | accessdate = 3 April 2019 | date= 2 April 2019 | url = https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/04/02/pope-calls-abuse-crisis-a-scourge-in-youth-doc-omits-zero-tolerance/| title =Pope calls abuse crisis a ‘scourge’ in youth doc, omits ‘zero tolerance’| first = Elise | last = Harris}} 9. ^{{cite news | url = https://laciviltacattolica.com/keep-the-fire-burning-the-apostolic-exhortation-christus-vivit/ | title = Keep the Fire Burning: The Apostolic Exhortation ‘Christus Vivit’| first = Antonio | last = Spadaro | work = La Civiltà Cattolica}} 10. ^{{cite news | work= Zenit| accessdate = 3 April 2019 | date= 2 April 2019 | url = https://zenit.org/articles/when-you-see-a-priest-in-danger-the-mission-that-the-pope-entrusts-to-young-people/ | title = 'When You See a Priest in Danger': The Mission that the Pope Entrusts to Young People }} 11. ^1 {{cite news|title=2018 Synod: Already 60,000 Answers From Young People Worldwide|url=https://zenit.org/articles/2018-synod-already-60000-answers-from-young-people-worldwide/|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Zenit|date=4 July 2017 |first=Marina | last= Droujinina}} 12. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Glatz|first1=Carol|title=Vatican releases online questionnaire for youth ahead of synod|url=https://www.catholicregister.org/faith/item/25443-vatican-releases-online-questionnaire-for-youth-ahead-of-synod|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Catholic Register|agency=Catholic News Service|date=14 June 2017}} 13. ^1 {{cite news|title=Next synod will discuss lack of vocations, says Pope Francis |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/11/28/next-synod-will-discuss-lack-of-vocations-says-pope-francis/|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Catholic Herald|date=28 November 2016}} 14. ^1 {{cite news|last1=McElwee|first1=Joshua J.|title=In 2018 synod questionnaire, Vatican asks world's bishops to listen to young people|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/2018-synod-questionnaire-vatican-asks-worlds-bishops-listen-young-people|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=13 January 2017}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite news | url = https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2016/10/06/next-synod-bishops-focus-youth-vocations/ | title = Next Synod of Bishops to focus on youth and vocations | first = Inés | last = San Martín | date = 6 October 2016 | accessdate = 6 October 2016 | publisher = Crux }} 16. ^1 {{cite news|last1=O'Connell|first1=Gerard|title=Next synod of bishops will focus on young people, the faith and the discernment of vocations.|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/content/dispatches/next-synod-bishops-will-focus-young-people|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=America|date=6 October 2016}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite news | url = http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/questions-on-sexuality-loom-large-ahead-of-youth-synod | title = Questions on Sexuality Loom Large Ahead of Youth Synod | date = 19 June 2018 | accessdate = 19 June 2018 | publisher = National Catholic Register | first = Elise | last = Harris }} 18. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Senèze|first1=Nicolas |title=Young people make waves at Synod meeting|url=https://international.la-croix.com/news/young-people-make-waves-at-synod-meeting/5918|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=La Croix International|date=18 September 2017}} 19. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=San Martín|first1=Inés|title=Young people to be more than study subjects in upcoming synod|url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2017/01/13/young-people-study-subjects-upcoming-synod/|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Crux|date=13 January 2017}} 20. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite news | title = Bishops’ youth summit to deal with sex, war, porn, LGBT issues and more | url = https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/06/19/bishops-youth-summit-to-deal-with-sex-war-porn-lgbt-issues-and-more/ | first = Inés | last = San Martín | date = 19 June 2018 | accessdate = 19 June 2018 | publisher = Crux }} 21. ^1 {{cite news|title=Theme for next Synod of Bishops in October 2018 will focus on young people|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2016/10/06/theme_for_next_synod_of_bishops_will_focus_on_young_people/1263258 |accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Vatican Radio|date=6 October 2016}} 22. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Wooden|first1=Cindy|title=Don’t be embarrassed to talk about sex, youths tell Vatican officials|url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2017/09/13/dont-embarrassed-talk-sex-youths-tell-vatican-officials/|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Crux|agency=Catholic News Service|date=13 September 2017}} 23. ^1 {{cite news|title=Pope writes to young people ahead of Synod on Vocational Discernment|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/01/13/pope_letter_to_young_people_for_synod_on_vocational_discernm/1285408|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Vatican Radio|date=13 January 2017}} }} External links
4 : Synod of bishops in the Catholic Church|2018 in Vatican City|21st-century Catholicism|Pope Francis |
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